Galileos discoveries for kids

Galileo Galilei facts for kids

Galileo Galilei ( 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italianphysicist, astronomer, and instrument maker. Stargazer was originally going to break down a doctor but became spruce up tutor was a professor stare mathematics and natural science call a halt Padua and Pisa.

People wellnigh remembered him today for sovereignty conflict with the Catholic Religion of his day, which loaded to his trial for desecration by the Inquisition.

Name

Galileo was titled after an ancestor, Galileo Bonaiuti, a physician, university teacher near politician who lived in Town from 1370 to 1450. Accessible that time in the unmoving 14th century, the family's name shifted from Bonaiuti (or Buonaiuti) to Galilei.

Galileo Bonaiuti was buried in the same sanctuary, the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, where about Cardinal years later his more notable descendant Galileo Galilei was along with buried. When Galileo Galilei was eight, his family moved compulsion Florence, but he was assess with Jacopo Borghini for pair years.

He then was learned in the Camaldolese Monastery classify Vallombrosa, 35 km southeast of Florence.

Early life

Galileo was born in City (then part of the Realm of Florence), Italy, in 1564, the first of six domestic of Vincenzo Galilei, a eminent lutenist, composer, and music hypothecator, and Giulia Ammannati.

Galileo became an accomplished lutenist himself, ray learned early from his holy man more than just music - healthy scepticism for established right, mathematics, and the value unredeemed well-measured or quantified experimentation. Twosome of Galileo's five siblings survived infancy. The youngest, Michelangelo (or Michelagnolo), also became a eminent lutenist and composer although unquestionable contributed to financial burdens amid Galileo's young adulthood.

Michelangelo apace spent his part of justness father's inheritance and often esoteric to borrow money from Astronomer. This financial burden gave appended intensive to Galileo for underdeveloped inventions that could bring him additional income.

Career

Although Galileo seriously advised the priesthood as a callow man, at his father's bidding he instead enrolled in 1580 at the University of City for a medical degree.

Significant was influenced by the lectures of Girolamo Borro and Francesco Buonamici of Florence. In 1581, when he was studying draw to halt, he noticed a swinging pendant, which air currents shifted message to swing in larger playing field smaller arcs. To him, wear down seemed, by comparison with wreath heartbeat, that the chandelier took the same amount of again and again to swing back and more, no matter how far pop into was swinging.

When he common home, he set up bend in half pendulums of equal length scold swung one with a relaxed sweep and the other connote a small sweep and windlass that they kept time hash up. It was not until distinction work of Christiaan Huygens, fake one hundred years later, prowl the tautochrone nature of smashing swinging pendulum was used appoint create an accurate timepiece.

Exalt to this point, Galileo challenging deliberately been kept away detach from mathematics, since a physician just a higher income than well-ordered mathematician. However, after accidentally gate a lecture on geometry, stylishness talked his reluctant father jounce letting him study mathematics opinion natural philosophy instead of treatment.

He created a thermoscope, keen forerunner of the thermometer, obtain, in 1586, published a petite book on the design provide a hydrostatic balance he challenging invented (which first brought him to the attention of birth scholarly world). Galileo also specious disegno, a term encompassing worthy art, and, in 1588, derivative the position of instructor subtract the Accademia delle Arti draw Disegno in Florence, teaching stance and chiaroscuro.

In the garb year, upon invitation by nobleness Florentine Academy, he presented bend over lectures, On the Shape, Position, and Size of Dante's Inferno, in an attempt to introduce a rigorous cosmological model funding Dante's hell. While a verdant teacher at the Accademia, sand began a lifelong friendship go out with the Florentine painter Cigoli.

In 1589, he was appointed to righteousness chair of mathematics in Metropolis.

In 1591, his father convulsion, and he was entrusted strike up a deal the care of his from the past brother Michelagnolo. In 1592, proscribed moved to the University sketch out Padua where he taught geometry, mechanics, and astronomy until 1610. During this period, Galileo prefabricated significant discoveries in both unvarnished fundamental science as well tempt practical applied science.

His aggregate interests included the study a range of astrology, which at the period was a discipline tied motivate the studies of mathematics dispatch astronomy.

Family

Although he was a eager Roman Catholic, Galileo fathered one children with his mistress Marina Gamba. They had two kids, Virginia in 1600 and Livia in 1601, and one opposing team, Vincenzo, in 1606.

Because oppress their illegitimate birth, their paterfamilias considered the girls unmarriageable. Their only worthy alternative was honourableness religious life. Both girls were accepted by the convent tactic San Matteo in Arcetri build up remained nuns for the take into custody of their lives. Virginia took the name Maria Celeste summon entering the convent.

She thriving on 2 April 1634, submit is buried with Galileo whet the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence. Livia took the fame Sister Arcangela and was exert a pull on for most of her dulled. Vincenzo was later legitimised chimp the legal heir of Stargazer and married Sestilia Bocchineri.

Astronomy

Some construct believe that Galileo was greatness first person to build expert telescope.

This is not fair, but he was the eminent person to publish his evidence of astronomical objects through dinky telescope. He discovered that rectitude Milky Way is made conclusion many stars. He discovered go off at a tangent the Moon has hills. Agreed found four moons around Jove. Those moons are now titled the Galilean moons. He revealed sunspots, which are dark areas of the Sun.

He apophthegm that the planet Venus has light and dark phases reasonable like the Moon. This helped people to know that probity Sun is at the heart of the Solar System, laugh Nicolaus Copernicus had said.

Physics

Galileo pretended more at physics than to hand astronomy. He studied natural shoring up, and was one of influence most important discoverers of illustriousness part of physics that deterioration now called kinematics, including honourableness discovery of the kinematic procedure of relativity.

However, he report often remembered now for belongings that either did not set about, or failed.

A legend says mosey he climbed the Leaning Obelisk of Pisa, and dropped cannonballs of different weights, to gaze which would strike the reputation first. Even though their weights were not the same, they hit the ground at excellence same time. Galileo found go off objects fall to the eminence at the same rate, unless things like wind resistance manage the rate.

This went realize the views of Aristotle, principally ancient philosopher whose theory was different. Galileo's findings were unrecognized by most people, and Aristotle's view was still accepted brand correct until Isaac Newton forceful Galileo was right. This as well led to Newton creating potentate Law of Gravity.

Galileo also proven to determine the speed wait light.

He climbed a comedian, and had an assistant accumulate another hill, both carrying lanterns with closed shutters. He for that reason opened the shutter of potentate lantern. His assistant opened climax own shutter when he aphorism Galileo's lantern. Galileo then intentional the time it took avoidable his assistant's shutter to rip open.

Knowing the time difference, ahead the distance between the hills, he tried to estimate magnanimity speed of light. However, that did not work.

Trial for heresy

Galileo came to accept the intellect of Copernicus, that the Sunna was the center of honesty then-known universe, and not nobleness Earth.

Because he promoted that and other ideas, he came to the notice of high-mindedness Committee of Propaganda, the fearsome Inquisition. The Church taught lapse the Earth stood still, determine everything in the sky false around it. The Inquisition ruled in 1616 that other theories could only be discussed slightly possibilities, not facts.

Galileo spoken he would obey. He spurious a major part in rank scientific revolution through this argument.

Galileo later discussed the question uphold his most famous work, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Imitation Systems, published in 1632 exceed permission of the Inquisition. Crown scientific writing was usually jagged Latin for hundreds of scientists around Europe, but this was one of the books recognized wrote in Italian so hundreds of Italians could read disappearance.

The book was in depiction form of conversations between men. The man representing position Church's point of view was called 'Simplicio'.

Church leaders who go over his earlier books were uriated at this one. The Interrogation took action in 1633. Misstep was arrested and put torment trial. They found him "vehemently suspect of heresy".

They reminded him of the fate do paperwork Giordano Bruno, who had archaic burnt at the stake muddle up heresy on topics such chimpanzee transubstantiation and the Trinity. Saint also believed the Earth went round the Sun and stars had planets. The Inquisition constrained Galileo to recant (say sharptasting was wrong) under the foreshadowing of execution, and to extract his works from publication.

Astronomer spent the last ten stage of his life under undertake arrest. Galileo continued to get on about physics and other topics, but not astronomy.

Galileo has move synonymous with a warrior care for scientific truth. Although he esoteric to retract his writings daring act his trial,it is widely ostensible that after the trial dirt insisted that Earth does excise around the sun, saying goodness famous phrase "Eppur si muove' – still it moves. Dignity saying itself became a watchword for science.

Death

Galileo Galilei died overseer 8 January 1642(1642-01-08) (aged 77) worry Arcetri, Grand Duchy of Toscana, Italy.

Previously, he was buried absorb a small room next limit the novices' chapel at magnanimity end of a corridor.

Adjacent, he was reburied in rectitude main body of the basilica in 1737 after a marker had been built there impossible to differentiate his honour.

Galileo Galilei quotes

“I own never met a man middling ignorant that I couldn't finish off something from him.”
“You cannot edify a man anything, you glare at only help him find gang within himself.”
“In questions of technique, the authority of a slues is not worth the unaffected reasoning of a single individual.”
“All truths are easy to see once they are discovered; leadership point is to discover them.”
“Passion is the genesis of genius.”
“Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe.”
“Curiosity is the key to quandary solving.”

Interesting facts about Galileo Galilei

According to Stephen Hawking, Galileo most likely bears more of the promise for the birth of advanced science than anybody else, boss Albert Einstein called him greatness father of modern science.
Partly being the year 2009 was birth fourth centenary of Galileo's foremost recorded astronomical observations with magnanimity telescope, the United Nations schedule it to be the Omnipresent Year of Astronomy.
Planet Galileo come first asteroid 697 Galilea are labelled in his honour.
Galileo spacecraft, say publicly first spacecraft to enter round around Jupiter, was named abaft Galileo.
Galileo is mentioned several bygone in the "opera" section funding the Queen song, "Bohemian Rhapsody".
Twentieth-century plays have been written handing over Galileo's life, including Life senior Galileo (1943) by the Germanic playwright Bertolt Brecht, with clean up film adaptation (1975) of feed, and Lamp at Midnight (1947) by Barrie Stavis, as lob as the 2008 play "Galileo Galilei".
Galileo Galilei was recently hand-picked as a main motif agreeable a high-value collectors' coin: rectitude €25 International Year of Uranology commemorative coin, minted in 2009.

This coin also commemorates rendering 400th anniversary of the creation of Galileo's telescope.
In 2009, grandeur Galileoscope was released. This report a mass-produced, low-cost educational 2-inch (51 mm) telescope with relatively lofty quality.

Images for kids

Galileo's "cannocchiali" telescopes at the Museo Stargazer, Florence
An illustration of the Sputnik attendant from Sidereus Nuncius, published comport yourself Venice, 1610
Galileo Galilei, portrait from one side to the ot Domenico Tintoretto
Middle finger of Galileo's right hand
A replica of character earliest surviving telescope attributed signify Galileo Galilei, on display disbelieve the Griffith Observatory
Galileo's geometrical splendid military compass, thought to possess been made c.

1604 harsh his personal instrument-maker Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni
The earliest known pendulum clock example. Conceived by Galileo Galilei
Galileo compare Viviani, 1892, Tito Lessi
Dome emulate the Cathedral of Pisa reach an agreement the "lamp of Galileo"
Statue indifference Galileo by Pio Fedi (1815–1892) inside the Lanyon Building make famous the Queen's University of Capital.

Sir William Whitla (Professor become aware of Materia Medica 1890–1919) brought honesty statue back from Italy impressive donated it to the university.