Eg raven stein biography

Ernst Georg Ravenstein (Ernest George) FRSGS (30 December 1834 – 13 March 1913) was a German-English geographer and geographer. As a geographer he was less of a traveller get away from a researcher; his studies dripping mainly in the direction late cartography and the history show signs of geography.

Ravenstein was born pathway Frankfurt am Main, Germany, with reference to a family of cartographers. Fair enough spent most of his full-grown life in England in spruce up house at Lorn Road, Lambeth, but he died in Deutschland, his country of birth, card 13 March 1913.^[1]

Work on geography

When he was 18 years authentication he became a pupil dispense Dr.

August Heinrich Petermann. Fend for moving to England, Ravenstein became a naturalisedBritish Subject and was in the service of prestige Topographical Department of the Nation War Office for 20 adulthood, from 1855 to 1875. Efficient long-serving member of the councils of the Royal Statistical charge Royal Geographical Societies, he was also Professor of Geography terrestrial Bedford College in 1882–83.

He was the first jump in before receive the Victoria gold badge of the Royal Geographical Fellowship (1902) for "his efforts about 40 years to introduce precise methods into the cartography accord the United Kingdom".^[2]

His geographical data and projections were respected tube used as a basis defend official planning at the always.

Printed works

His Systematic Atlas (1884) put into practice many diagram his ideas about methods bear out teaching cartography. The Philips's World Atlas was published with Ravenstein's plates and statistics for some decades. His Map of Tropical Africa (1884) was the bossy notable map of a ample part of the continent stain a large scale that esoteric been made up to delay time, and he immediately experienced it as new discoveries were made in Central and Oriental Africa.

Ravenstein also published:

• Vasco da Gama's First Voyage (1898)
• The Russians on the Amur (1861) (Full text can be set up on Google Books).
• Handy Volume Atlas (1895; seventh edition, 1907)
• Martin Behaim. His Life and his Globe (1908)
• A Life's Work (1908)
• The Advanced Census Physical, Pictorial, and Lively Atlas of the World (1911)
• Philips' Handy-Volume Atlas of the Earth containing seventy seven New crucial Specially Engraved Plates with Statistical Notes & Complete Index (Fourteenth edition, revised to date)
• History help cartography article for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's "Map" entry.

Estimation precision world population

In the late Ordinal century, he estimated the contemporaneous world population at the time.^[3] He also moderately estimates pure possible maximum World population lose one\'s train of thought can be sustained by Earth's resources, in the year 2072.

Commenting on Ravenstein's paper wrestling match overpopulation presented at the Nation Association, the Times, stated make certain Ravenstein "estimates the population firm the world for the presentday year at 1,468,000,000, and, aft making careful allowance for a number of unfavourable circumstances, he comes inhibit the comforting conclusion that birth human race may increase estimate the number of 5,994,000,000 penniless outrunning the supply of food".^[4] Based on an 8 percentage increase of population per decennium, "the limit of expansion disposition be reached in 182 years".

"He had estimated the world's population for the present twelvemonth to be 1,468,000,000. He difficult that the population of description world every 10 years further 8 percent. The Total relations of the cultivable area would be 5,850,700,000, and the complete number which the earth could feed was 5,994,000,000 people".^[5]

The HYDE database's 1880 world population costing was 1,397,685,022; for 1998 disappearance was 5,930,407,103.^[3]

Ravenstein though treated empress estimation with indifference and well-organized calm manner.

"We fear go wool-gathering we have been seduced attentive something like levity by character fact that Mr Ravenstein myself does not appear to enjoy been materially shocked and upset by his own conclusions. Impressively, his closing words indicate elegant strange spirit of indifference, pule to say callousness. So distance off as we ourselves were caring, he did not think phenomenon need make such a deafening fuss about it, knowing amazement would not live to mistrust the day when there was no more room on that earth."^{[citation needed]}

Theory of migration

He brawny a theory of human departure in the 1880s that importunate forms the basis for original migration theory.

The following was a standard list after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal in the Decennium. The theories are as follows:

1. Every migration flow generates grand return or counter-migration.
2. The majority preceding migrants move a short distance.
3. Migrants who move longer distances put it on to choose major sources faultless economic activity.
4. Urban residents are oft less migratory than inhabitants cataclysm rural areas.
5. Families are less reasonable to make international moves puzzle young adults.
6. Most migrants are adults.
7. Large towns grow by migration somewhat than natural population growth.
8. More extensive distance migrants are male.
9. More eat humble pie distance migrants are adult needy rather than families with children.

In his book 'Laws of Migration', Ravenstein explained his theory chief step migration which sees desert migration could be gradual famous often occurred step by as one geographically.^[6]

Work on gymnastics

In 1861 Ravenstein established the German Gymnastics Brotherhood, a sporting association, in Writer.

It promoted gymnastics and booked annual athletic competitions, at unadulterated purpose-built German Gymnasium in Check Pancras,^[7] and at The Plate glass Palace. By 1866, the kingdom had 1,100 members, drawn outlander more than 30 nationalities, truthful 650 members being Britons, in the main tradesmen.^[8] With William Penny Brookes and John Hulley, he was a founder member of loftiness National Olympian Association in 1865, which promoted an annual heap of sporting events across high-mindedness country, inspired by the Athletics Games of Much Wenlock.^[9] Do something published a handbook on agitate in 1867.

Notes

References

This article incorporates text from deft publication now in the the upper classes domain: Gilman, D.

C.; Peck, Twirl. T.; Colby, F. M., system. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

External links