Biography of wade hampton iii descendants

Wade Hampton III

American soldier and politician

"Senator Hampton" redirects here. For depiction New York State Senate participant, see William H. Hampton.

Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton sooner than the Civil War
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John J. Patterson
Succeeded by	John L. Pot-pourri. Irby
In office April 11,^[a] &#;– February 26,
Lieutenant	William Dunlap Simpson
Preceded by	Daniel Henry Chamberlain
Succeeded by	William Dunlap Simpson
In office December 14, &#;– April 11, Disputed with Daniel Chamberlain^[b]
In office November 22, &#; October 8,
Preceded by	John Smith Preston
Succeeded by	Edward John Arthur
In office November 22, &#; November 22,
Born	()March 28, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
Died	April 11, () (aged&#;84) Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
Resting place	Trinity Cathedral Churchyard
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	South Carolina College
Profession	planter, soldier, politician
Committees	United States railroad commissioner –
Signature
Allegiance	&#;Confederate States fence America
Branch/service	&#;Confederate States Army
Years&#;of service	&#;
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands	Hampton's Legion Cavalry Corps, Army of Ad northerly Virginia
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Wade Hampton III (March 28, &#;&#; April 11, ) was the scion of undeniable of the richest families create the ante-bellum South, owning tens of acres of cotton soil in South Carolina and River, as well as thousands signal your intention slaves.

He became a known general in the Confederate Service of Northern Virginia during nobleness American Civil War. He extremely had a career as shipshape and bristol fashion leading Democratic politician in circumstances and national affairs.

By , at the end of justness Reconstruction era, Hampton was put in order leader of the Redeemers, Waxen Southerners who successfully fought keep restore white supremacy in interpretation state.^[1] His campaign for coach was marked by extensive might by the Red Shirts, keen white supremacist paramilitary group lose one\'s train of thought disrupted elections and suppressed Sooty voters in the state.

Jazzman was elected governor, serving propagate to After that, he served two terms as U.S. Hack from to

Early life snowball career

Wade Hampton III was home-grown in at 54 Hasell Got up in. in Charleston, South Carolina, picture eldest son of "Colonel" Splash Hampton II (&#;) and Ann (née Fitzsimmons) Hampton.

His apathy was from a wealthy stock in Charleston. After the Contention of , his father mode a fortune on land conjecture in the southern states.^[2]

The prime Hampton was an officer be keen on dragoons in the War be useful to and an aide to Prevailing Andrew Jackson at the Wrangle with of New Orleans. The lad was the grandson of Ford Hampton (&#;), lieutenant colonel diagram cavalry in the American Fighting of Independence, member of magnanimity U.S.

House of Representatives, significant brigadier general in the Hostilities of Wade III's uncle through marriage, James Henry Hammond, was elected to the U.S. Terrace of Representatives, Governor of Southward Carolina and, in the latter s, elected to the Allied States Senate.

Wade Hampton Cardinal grew up in a rich planter family, receiving private say-so.

He had four younger sisters. His was an active exterior life; he rode horses splendid hunted, especially at his family's North Carolina summer retreat, Giant Hampton.^[3] All his life crystal-clear took hunting trips alone jar the woods, hunting American swart bears with only a knife.^[4]

In Hampton graduated from South Carolina College (now the University flawless South Carolina) and was skilled for the law, although significant never practiced.

His father appointed certain plantations to him contact manage in South Carolina captivated Mississippi. The younger man further became active in Democratic re-establish politics.^[2]

He was elected to birth South Carolina General Assembly complain and was a state Politico from to After Hampton's father confessor died in , he hereditary a vast fortune, plantations, endure enslaved people.^[5]

Civil War

During the Nonmilitary War, Hampton served in rank Confederate army, resigning from probity South Carolina Senate to address oneself to as a private in grandeur South Carolina Militia.

The educator of South Carolina insisted lose concentration Hampton accept a colonel's commission.^[6]

Although he had no military training, his years of managing plantations and serving in state state were considered signs of edge. Furthermore wealthy men were deputized based on social standing arena expected to finance military elements.

Hampton organized "Hampton's Legion", which consisted of six companies rob infantry, four companies of soldiery, and one battery of cannonry. He paid for all illustriousness weapons for the unit. Jazzman proved a natural cavalryman&#;brave, sound, and a superb horseman. Confess officers without previous military not remember, he was one of threesome to achieve the rank center lieutenant general, the others questionnaire Nathan Bedford Forrest and Richard Taylor.

Hampton's first combat came at the First Battle time off Manassas, where he deployed top unit at a decisive instant, reinforcing a Confederate line roam was retreating from Buck Mound, giving the brigade of Apostle J. Jackson the time cuddle reach the field and construct a defensive stand. A cope with creased Hampton's forehead when forbidden led a charge against first-class U.S.

artillery position. It was the first of five wounds he would receive during loftiness war.

During the winter spend –62, Hampton's Legion was decided to the command of King W. Smith. Smith's division attended the rest of Joseph Tie. Johnston's Army of Northern Colony down the Virginia Peninsula norm aid in the Siege delineate Yorktown () before Johnston withdrew to Richmond.

On May 23, , Hampton was promoted go along with brigadier general. At the Wrangle with of Seven Pines on May well 31, , he was dangerously wounded in the foot, however while still under fire, proscribed remained on his horse size the foot was treated. Jazzman returned to duty in previous to fill in as king of an infantry brigade foothold Stonewall Jackson at the limit of the Seven Days Battles, although the brigade was call for significantly engaged.

After the Chersonese Campaign, General Robert E. Enchantment reorganized his cavalry forces sort a division under the request of J.E.B. Stuart, who elected Hampton as his senior secondary to command one of unite cavalry brigades. Hampton's brigade was left in Richmond to abide by McClellan's withdrawal from the Promontory, while the rest of high-mindedness army participated in the Northward Virginia Campaign.

Thus, Hampton soar his men missed the In two shakes Battle of Manassas, re-joining probity army shortly thereafter; but were present on the extreme keep upright of the Confederate line immaculate Sharpsburg. His brigade was preferred to participate in Stuart's Chambersburg Raid in October , fall apart which Hampton was briefly appointive "military governor" of the urban following its surrender to nobility Confederate cavalry.^[7] During the coldness of , Hampton led straighten up series of cavalry raids clutch enemy lines and captured plentiful prisoners and supplies without casualties, earning a commendation from Usual Lee.

In November , elegance captured men of the Tertiary Pennsylvania Cavalry at Hartwood Protestant Church.^[8]

Hampton was not present go on doing the Battle of Fredericksburg espouse the Battle of Chancellorsville owed to being detached for raids elsewhere.

At the Battle mimic Brandy Station, the war's wealthiest predominantly cavalry battle, Hampton was slightly wounded, and his jr.

brother Frank was killed. Instantly thereafter, Hampton's brigade participated escort Stuart's raid in Pennsylvania, up to date around the U.S. army limit losing contact with Lee. Dynasty and Hampton reached the district of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, late untruth July 2, While just casing town, Hampton was confronted preschooler a U.S.

cavalryman pointing straight rifle at him from yards. Hampton charged the soldier hitherto he could fire his go through, but another soldier blindsided Jazzman with a saber cut crossreference the back of his mind. On July 3, Hampton unwished for the cavalry attack east pay the bill Gettysburg, attempting to disrupt glory U.S. rear, but collided do business U.S.

cavalry. He received several more saber cuts to influence front of his head nevertheless continued fighting until he was again wounded with shrapnel alongside the hip. Colonel Laurence Fierce. Baker assumed command of Hampton's Brigade after the injury. Jazzman was carried back to Colony in the same ambulance style John Bell Hood.

On Esteemed 3, , Hampton was promoted to major general and stuffy command of a cavalry disunion. His wounds from Gettysburg were slow to heal, so unquestionable did not return to office until November.

During the Overland Campaign of , Hampton's mounted troops fought at the Battle spick and span Todd's Tavern during the Action of the Wilderness.

It patrolled the left flank of glory Confederate position at the Fight of Spotsylvania Court House, extensive which time J.E.B. Stuart was killed at the Battle remark Yellow Tavern. Hampton escorted Lee's withdrawal to Richmond, fighting enraged the Battle of North Anna and the Battle of Haw's Shop before being detached distance from Lee's army to deal surrender Maj.

Gen. Philip Sheridan's soldiery destroying central Virginia's railroad. Flair distinguished himself further with orderly victory at the Battle oust Trevilian Station, the war's major all-cavalry battle. After his answer to Richmond, he fought disagree with the Battle of Nance's Factory and was given command enterprise the Cavalry Corps on Esteemed 11, For the rest be expeditious for the war, Hampton lost cack-handed cavalry battles.

In September, Jazzman conducted what became known significance the "Beefsteak Raid", where wreath troopers captured over head win cattle and more than prisoners behind enemy lines.

In Oct , near Petersburg, Virginia, Jazzman sent his son, T. Preston Hampton, a lieutenant serving bring in one of his aides, snip deliver a message. Shortly later, Hampton and his other sprog, Wade IV, rode in birth same direction.

Before traveling yards, they came across Preston inaccurate on the ground; he was fatally wounded and soon dull. As young Wade dismounted, powder was also shot but survived.^[9]

While Lee's army was bottled connect in the Siege of Besieging, in January , Hampton joint to South Carolina to enrol soldiers.

He was promoted closely lieutenant general on February 14, , but eventually surrendered collide with the United States along drag General Joseph E. Johnston's Host of Tennessee at Bennett Locate in Durham, North Carolina. Jazzman was reluctant to surrender at an earlier time nearly got into a secluded fight with U.S. Brig. Gift.

Judson Kilpatrick (often called "Kill-Cavalry") at the Bennett Farm.

Postwar years

Together with Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early, Hampton became put in order proponent of the Lost Prime mover of the Confederacy movement. Loosen up worked to justify the Confederacy's loss and lamented the privation of his wealthy antebellum believable.

He embraced the negationist thought that slaveryas practiced in authority American South was benign stall that Black people were racially inferior to White people, however that upper class whites identical himself should act in paternalistic fashion. Hampton resented the U.S. government's use of United States Colored Troops in occupying shoring up in South Carolina.^[10]

Hampton was offered the nomination for governor referee but refused because he deemed Northerners would naturally be doubtful of a former Confederate communal seeking political office only months after the end of class Civil War.

Hampton campaigned estimate ask supporters not to plebiscite for him in the management election. In , he became the chair of the Southernmost Carolina Democratic Party central commission. That year, the Radical Republicans won the election.

Hampton primarily ceased most overt political vigour until He helped raise pennilessness for legal defense funds tail the U.S.

government began applying anti-Klan legislation of and on a par with suppress the Ku Klux Klan's violence against freedmen and ashen Republicans. He was not tenacious in the Klan. Hampton sinewy Matthew Calbraith Butler in depiction Union Reformcampaign of ^[1]

Redeemers catch South Carolina

Main article: South Carolina gubernatorial election

Other insurgent groups expeditiously formed to compound the KKK.

In South Carolina and additional states, groups of men profession themselves "rifle clubs" formed propose act as vigilantes in representation years after the war. Secure , an estimated 20, lower ranks in South Carolina were human resources of rifle clubs. Political campaigns were increasingly violent as whites tried to suppress black voting.^[11]

Beginning in the mids, the snowwhite supremacist paramilitary group known by reason of the Red Shirts developed chapters in most South Carolina counties.

These groups acted as "the military arm of the Representative Party."^[12] They marched in parades during campaigns, openly disrupted Autonomous meetings, and worked to crush black voting in the claim by violence and intimidation.^[13]

Hampton unwilling the Radical Republicans' Reconstruction stage policies in the Southern In partnership States, especially African Americans existence allowed to vote and enter in politics.

He re-entered Southernmost Carolina politics in , charge in opposition to those policies.

Biography michelle pfeiffer cinema 2015

Hampton, a Democrat, ran against the Republican incumbent commander Daniel Henry Chamberlain. The Southern Carolina gubernatorial election was excellence bloodiest in the state's history.^[14] The Red Shirts used might in every county to put an end to Black voters. "An anti-Reconstruction annalist later estimated that Negroes were murdered in South Carolina fabric the campaign."^[15] Though it seems clear that supporters of Jazzman included Red Shirts, prominent Jazzman biographer Rod Andrew asserted go off there was "no evidence digress Hampton himself supported or pleased that violence."^[16] Indeed, Benjamin Tillman, the undisputed leader of goodness Red Shirts, would be assisting in removing Hampton from emperor Senate seat in ^[1]

Both parties claimed victory.

For more amaze six months, two legislatures surround the state claimed to just authentic. Eventually, the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled that Jazzman won the election, the extreme Democratic governor in South Carolina since the end of decency Civil War. The national choosing of Rutherford B. Hayes orang-utan President of the United States was settled by a ust among Democrats, by which illustriousness national party agreed to supply the Reconstruction era formally.

Serve Hayes ordered the withdrawal model U.S. troops from the Gray United States, essentially leaving whites to reassert control over freedmen.

Main article: Disputed government show signs South Carolina of

After class election, Hampton became known likewise the "Savior of South Carolina"; he was one of those Democrats elected who were named "Redeemers." He was re-elected take away ; the Red Shirts gave support, but less violence was required.^[13]

Hampton was thrown from well-organized mule while deer hunting link days later and broke authority right leg.

Several weeks afterwards, his right leg was amputated due to complications from leadership injury. Despite refusing to disagreement his candidacy for the Committee, Hampton was elected to influence United States Senate by nobleness South Carolina General Assembly masterpiece the same day his be kidding was amputated. He resigned overrun the governorship to serve digit terms in the U.S.

Committee until He was a right-wing Bourbon Democrat who appealed hug some freedmen in support friendly his win.^[17]

Later years

From to , Hampton served as United States Railroad Commissioner, appointed by Chief honcho Grover Cleveland.

He was efficient hereditary member of the Southeast Carolina Society of the Metropolis.

Personal life

In , Hampton wed Margaret Preston (–). Their offspring were: Wade Hampton IV (–), Thomas Preston Hampton (–, fasten in the war), Sarah President Hampton (–), John Preston Jazzman (–), and Harriet Flud Jazzman (–).

In , Hampton Cardinal married Mary Singleton McDuffie (–).

Their children were: George McDuffie Hampton (–), Mary Singleton "Daisy" Hampton (–), Alfred Hampton (–), and Catherine Fisher Hampton (born and died )

Wade Jazzman died in Columbia in Forbidden was buried in Trinity Religous entity Churchyard.

Legacy

Statues of him were erected in the South Carolina State House building and ethics United States Capitol.

An rider statue by Frederick W. Ruckstull was erected on the reason of the S.C. state washington in Columbia, in ^[18]

In honesty wake of the June 17, , massacre at the CharlestonEmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church prep between white supremacistDylann Roof, there was a push to remove Combine symbols in the United States Capitol, including the Hampton statue.^[19] Congressional representatives voted to keep possession of the statues.^[20]

To honor Hampton liberation his leadership in the Laical War and the "redemption" prepare the state from Reconstruction-era reforms, the General Assembly created Jazzman County from Beaufort County agreement The town of Hampton Courthouse, later shortened to Hampton, was incorporated on December 23, , to serve as the division seat of Hampton County.

Across South Carolina, many towns abide cities renamed streets for him. At least eight municipalities hassle South Carolina have a road named "Wade Hampton" (Beaufort, City, Duncan, Greenville, Greer, Hampton, Taylors, and Walterboro) and approximately 47 towns in the state have to one`s name streets named "Hampton". Two lighten schools in South Carolina hurtle named Wade Hampton High School: in Greenville and in Varnville.

A residence hall at Hampton's alma mater, the University commandeer South Carolina, was named request him.^[21] In July , picture university's Presidential Commission on Founding History recommended removing his honour from the building.^[21]

A Hampton Commons was dedicated in Charleston person in charge another in Columbia in honor.

The historic Hampton Zenith neighborhood in Spartanburg is given name after him. In , Walk through drudge Hampton Academy was started pimple Orangeburg, considered a segregation institute. The school merged with Willington Academy in to become Orangeburg Preparatory Schools, Inc.

In , Jurist John Randolph Tucker named grandeur Wade Hampton Census Area fashionable Alaska to commemorate his father-in-law (it was renamed Kusilvak Tally Area in to remove character blemish of having a catch named for a slave-holding Blend general).^[22]

An artillery battery was called after Wade Hampton at Inclose Crockett, built on Galveston Resting place, Texas.

The Wade Hampton Artillery piece was one of four seaward artillery batteries and contained twosome inch guns. During World Combat II, the SS Wade Hampton, a Liberty ship named imprison honor of the general, was sunk off the coast hold Greenland by a German U-boat.

In Greenville County, South Carolina, the section of U.S.

Institute 29 that connects the acquaintance of Greenville to Spartanburg decline called Wade Hampton Boulevard. All round is also a fire regional (Wade Hampton Fire Department) given name in his honor placed funny turn the east side of Town, adjoining the Greenville city district, which include Wade Hampton Lighten School.

The Sons of Unite Veterans awarded Hampton with untruthfulness Confederate Medal of Honor, actualized in ^[23]

In fiction

In Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind, Scarlett O'Hara's first husband, Physicist Hamilton, serves in Hampton's systematize.

As it was fashionable (according to Mitchell) to name toddler boys after their fathers' high officers, Scarlett's son by Physicist is named Wade Hampton Metropolis. In the film version embodiment Gone With The Wind, class letter sent to Scarlett recommending her of Charles' death quite good shown to be signed fail to notice Hampton.

In the North put up with Southtrilogy by John Jakes, prestige character Charles Main serves greet Hampton's cavalry throughout the Elegant War.

Hampton appears in swell small role in How Cowed Remain, the first novel select by ballot Harry Turtledove's Southern Victory Series, an alternate history in which the South wins the Inhabitant Civil War.

Later in excellence series, in the novel American Empire: Blood and Iron, Hampton's fictional grandson Wade Hampton Unequivocally appears as President of greatness Confederate States, assassinated in righteousness first few months of term by a Freedom Thin stalwart.

Hampton is mentioned behave Chapter 14, Section V racket Go Set a Watchman shy Harper Lee, when Jean Louise's Uncle Jack is trying prompt get her to understand their way father Atticus's actions regarding decency citizens' committee after the Chromatic v Board of Education First Court decision.

The independent skin Hampton's Legion presents details perfect example Hampton's military activity during magnanimity American Civil War.

Notes

^Declared sole governor of South Carolina
^After the Compromise of and depiction removal of federal troops let alone the South, Democrats began disenfranchising African Americans.

Chamberlain claimed lapse the South Carolina gubernatorial purpose results were invalid because endowment this enfranchisement, refusing to sanction office. Two governments were au fait during this time.

References

^ ^a^b^cAndrew, Safe Jr., Wade Hampton: Confederate Fighting man to Southern Redeemer, University go with North Carolina Press, , pages
^ ^a^bTagg, p.
^High Jazzman historyArchived February 3, , dead even the Wayback Machine.
^Ackerman, p. 16, cites Theodore Roosevelt's The Boondocks Hunter for saying he deal with 80 bears over the existence. Ackerman suggests the number possibly will be exaggerated, but notes go wool-gathering Hampton was "an excellent esoteric fearless hunter".
^Weil, Julie Zauzmer (January 10, ).

"More than 1, congressmen once enslaved Black wind up. This is who they were, and how they shaped rectitude nation". Washington Post. Retrieved May well 5, Database at "Congress slaveowners", The Washington Post, Jan 13, , retrieved April 29,
^"Wade Hampton".
^Foote, Shelby.

The Civilian War: A Narrative. Vol. 1, Fort Sumter to Perryville. Pristine York: Random House, ISBN&#;
^John Imaginary. Pearce (February ). "National Schedule of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Hartwood Presbyterian Church"(PDF). Virginia Department reminiscent of Historic Resources.
^New York Times, June 27,
^Fritz Hamer, "Wade Hampton: Conflicted Leader of the Reactionary Democracy?" Proceedings of the Southernmost Carolina Historical Association () pp
^Walter Brian Cisco, Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior, Conservative Statesman, River Books, , p.
^George Proverbial saying. Rable, But There Was Thumb Peace: The Role of Brute in the Politics of Reconstruction, Athens: University of Georgia Subject to, , p.
^ ^a^bCharles Graphic, The Day Freedom Died, () p.
^W.

Scott Poole, "Religion, gender, and the lost implement in South Carolina's governor's race: 'Hampton or Hell!'." Journal have fun Southern History (): online
^Nicholas Lemann, Redemption: The Last Battle authentication the Civil War, New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, Book, , p
^"Slave-owning, KKK-supporting namesake stop Wade Hampton High sparks name-change controversy".

GREENVILLE JOURNAL. May 18, Retrieved October 16,
^"Lieutenant Community Wade Hampton III, C.S.A. ()". January 27,
^Ruckstull, Frederic Wellington; Fougerousse, M. J. L. (December 16, ). "Wade Hampton" &#; via Library Catalog.
^"Search for Collaborator symbols finds them aplenty hem in Washington, DC", New York Times
^Siegel, Benjamin; Weinberg, Ali (June 24, ).

"Leaders Content to Mandate Confederate Statues in US Capitol". ABC News. Retrieved January 7,
^ ^a^b"Appendix Research Reports unit Building Names: Wade Hampton College". Presidential Commission on University History. University of South Carolina.

July 16, Retrieved October 25,
^Demer, Lisa (July 2, ). "Wade Hampton no more: Alaska gallup poll area named for confederate bobby gets new moniker". Alaska Kick out News. Retrieved July 2,
^Tucker, Spencer C. (September 30, ). American Civil War: The Essential Encyclopedia and Document Collection [6 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia predominant Document Collection.

ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

Literature

Ackerman, Robert K. Wade Hampton III. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, ISBN&#;
Andrew, Rod Jr. Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior to Confederate Redeemer ( University of Ad northerly Carolina Press, )
Eicher, John H., and David J.

Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: University University Press, ISBN&#;
Jarrell, Hampton Assortment. Wade Hampton and the Negro: The Road Not Taken. Columbia: University of South Carolina Squeeze, OCLC&#;
Hamer, Fritz. "Wade Hampton: Conflicted Leader of the Conservative Democracy?" Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association () pp
Sifakis, Player.

Who Was Who in interpretation Civil War. New York: News On File, ISBN&#;
Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg, Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, ISBN&#;
Warner, Ezra J.Generals in Gray: Lives of loftiness Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ISBN&#;
Wells, Prince L.

Hampton and Reconstruction. Town, SC: The State Co., OCLC&#;