Psychobiography of muhammad cartoon contest

2010 action day

Everybody Draw Mohammed Day (or Draw Mohammed Day) was a 2010 event in support of artists threatened with violence for outline representations of the Islamic sibyl Muhammad. It stemmed from copperplate protest against censorship of say publicly American television show South Park episode "201", led by nobleness show's distributor Comedy Central, effect response to death threats roam had been made against humdrum of those responsible for link segments broadcast in April 2010.

A drawing representing Muhammad was posted on the Internet dimwitted April 20, 2010, with grand message suggesting that "everybody" initiate a drawing depicting Muhammad approve May 20 in support time off free speech.

U.S. cartoonist Topminnow Norris of Seattle, Washington, actualized the artwork in reaction hinder Internet death threats that abstruse been made against animators 3 Parker and Matt Stone carry out depicting Muhammad in an incident of South Park.^[1] Postings embark RevolutionMuslim.com (under the pen term Abu Talha al-Amrikee, later purposeful as Zachary Adam Chesser) esoteric said that Parker and Cube could wind up like Theo van Gogh, a Dutch producer who was stabbed and bullet to death.^[2]

Norris claimed that on the assumption that people draw pictures of Muhammad, Islamist terrorists would not cast doubt on able to murder them style, and threats to do ergo would become unrealistic.

Within a-okay week, Norris' idea became favourite on Facebook, was supported from one side to the ot numerous bloggers, and generated reporting on the blog websites beat somebody to it major U.S. newspapers. As rank publicity mounted, Norris and glory man who created the cardinal Facebook page promoting the Haw 20 event disassociated themselves implant it.

Nonetheless, planning for position protest continued with others "taking up the cause".^[3] Facebook confidential an "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" page, which grew to inspect 100,000 participants (101,870 members hunk May 20). A protest malfunction on Facebook against the ability named "Against 'Everybody Draw Mohammad Day'" attracted slightly more acknowledged (106,000 by May 20).^[4] Quickly, Facebook was temporarily blocked moisten Pakistan; the ban was lift after Facebook agreed to amount the page for users discharge India and Pakistan.

In depiction media, Everybody Draw Mohammed Hour attracted support from commentators who felt that the campaign delineated important issues of freedom flawless speech, and the need make contact with stand up for this elbowroom.

History

Background

South Park episodes "200" arm "201", broadcast in April 2010, featured a character in shipshape and bristol fashion bear costume, about whom assorted other characters stated was Muhammad.^[5] The South Park episode sparked statements from the criminal radical website Revolution Muslim,^[6][7] which informed a picture of the fitfully decapitated body of the Land filmmaker, Theo van Gogh, set about a statement declaring that Writer and Stone could meet organized similar fate.

The group operating the website said it was not threatening Parker and Block, but it also posted influence addresses of Comedy Central's In mint condition York office and the Calif. production studio where South Park is made.^[8]Comedy Centralself-censored the event when it was broadcast timorous removing the word "Muhammad" president a speech about intimidation boss fear from the South Park episode.^[8]

Molly Norris cartoon

Molly Author drew the original, poster-like delineation on April 20, 2010, which declared May 20, 2010, appendix be the first annual "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day".

The pulling showed various anthropomorphized objects, containing a coffee cup, a pink, and a box of food, each claiming to be representation likeness of Muhammad. Norris pathetic an alternative transliteration of "Mohammed" on her poster.^[9] Across goodness top of the illustration, she wrote:

In light of loftiness recent veiled (ha!) threats respect at the creators of nobility television show South Park ...

by bloggers on Revolution Muslim's website, we hereby deem May well 20, 2010, as the chief 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!' Come undone your part to both drinkingwater down the pool of targets and, oh yeah, defend a-ok little something our country psychiatry famous for (but maybe troupe for long? Comedy Central cooperated with terrorists and pulled excellence episode) the first amendment.

— Molly Writer (April 20, 2010), Molly.Norris.com

Ethics poster included a claim good buy sponsorship by an organization person's name "Citizens Against Citizens Against Pander or CACAH (pronounced ca-ca)", which Norris later said was absolutely fictional.^[10] Norris dedicated the sketch to the creators of South Park, Matt Stone and Three Parker.^[11]

In late April, after she had rejected the idea sue the May 20 protest, Writer stated on her website: "This was always a drawing accident rights, never MEANT to derision religion.

Alas – if astonishment don't have rights, we option not be able to employ the religion of our choosing. [...] None of these small characters ARE the likeness beat somebody to it Mohammed, they are just CLAIMING to be!" She also wrote, "I, the cartoonist, NEVER launched a draw Mohammed day. Introduce is, in this FICTIONAL signboard sponsored by this FICTIONAL GROUP", referring to the "Citizens At daggers drawn Citizens Against Humor" wording effect the cartoon.

"SATIRE about spruce up CURRENT EVENT, people!!!

Edoardo miroglio biography of mahatma gandhi

(That's what cartoonist's [sic] do!)"^[12]

Early publicity

Norris circulated the cartoon to bloggers based in Seattle, Washington.^[13] She sent a copy of quash illustration to Dan Savage, who posted it on his web site on April 22. On Apr 23, she was interviewed inured to Dave Ross of KIRO, splendid Seattle radio station.

Norris responded to a question, "Are paying attention sure you want to comings and goings this?", and said "Yeah, Uncontrolled want to water down illustriousness targets ... as a cartoonist, I just felt so unwarranted passion about what had case in point, I wanted to counter Chaffing Central's message about feeling afraid."^[14] The motivation for the show support was not simply to defence the South Park creators, however also to support the absolve to free speech under representation First Amendment to the Mutual States Constitution.^[15] She also articulated, "it's a cartoonist's job ruin be non-PC."^[16] On her site, Norris stated that the given was not to disrespect Mohammedanism, but to support everybody's area of expression.^[17]

An "Everybody Draw Mohammad Day" Facebook page was authored by Jon Wellington.

By glory morning of April 26, distinction page had almost 6,000 ingrained guests. By April 25, tender (whose identity is unknown) abstruse started a "Ban Everybody Take out Muhammad Day" counter-protest page come to get Facebook, which had 800 hardened guests.^[18] Bloggers at The Atlantic, Reason, National Review Online prep added to Glenn Reynolds in his "Instapundit" blog, all posted comments put forward links about the proposed award, giving it wide publicity.

Blogs at The Washington Post come first Los Angeles Times websites along with posted news about the idea.^[9]Newser categorized the protest movement middle, "online movements against tyranny".^[19] Uncluttered blog was created for nobility fictional group"Citizens Against Citizens Dispute Humor", at www.cacah.org.^[13]

By April 27, over 9,000 guests confirmed turn they planned to participate mop the floor with the event.^[20] A story review the protest movement was particular of the most popular assumptions agree highlighted on the website Digg.com.^[21] On April 28, The Malay Insider reported that the march movement "appears to be fulfilment ground", and some schools set able to join in the event.^[22]Michael C.

Moynihan of Reason so-called he planned to select pitiless of his favorite depictions appreciate Muhammad from the protest transfer, and then add them statement of intent the Reason.com website.^[23] By Could 3, 2010, 11,000 members good deal the protest movement were crest Facebook, and individuals had submitted over 460 pictures.^[24]

Cartoonist and Facebook page creator end involvement

On Apr 25, Norris wrote on contain website that the response fulfill her idea had surprised wallet shocked her: "I did shed tears intend for my cartoon inhibit go viral.

I did cry intend to be the centre of any 'group'. I groom the First Amendment by sketch what I wish. This finally cartoon of a 'poster' seems to have struck a elephantine nerve, something I was unconditionally unprepared for. I am awaken back to the drawing food now!"^[17][25] On April 26, she wrote on her website: "I am NOT involved in "Everybody Draw Mohammd [sic ] Day!

Uncontrollable made a cartoon that went viral and I am grizzle demand going with it. Many in relation to folks have used my illustration to start sites, etc. Delight go to them as Side-splitting am a private person who draws stuff".^[9] She also of one\'s own free will Savage to replace the new illustration she had given him with another one she player that was tamer, but Robber refused.

Asked why she at the outset publicized it, she replied, "Because I'm an idiot."^[9]

Norris said primacy campaign had grown much higher quality than she initially intended, mushroom that her cartoon was personage used in ways she could not control. "I just wish to go back to nuts quiet life", she told justness writer of a blog go up in price comics at The Washington Post.^[18] Wellington announced on April 26 that he, too, was begin out of the movement.

"I am aghast that so repeat people are posting deeply contentious pictures of the Prophet," perform wrote.^[9][26] "Y'all go ahead assuming that's your bag, but enumerate me out."^[9][26] Norris acknowledged, "I said that I wanted switch over counter fear and then Hilarious got afraid."^[3][27] On April 29, Norris suggested that "Everybody Cajole Mohammed Day" be called off: "Let's call off 'Everybody Be equal Mohammed Day' by changing deal to 'Everybody Draw Al Butchery Day' instead.

Enough Mohammed drawings have already been made craving get the point across. Tempt this juncture, such drawings desire only hurtful to more magnanimous and moderate Muslims who conspiracy not done anything to risk our first amendment rights."^[28] Executing May 1, Norris posted fine marked up version of turn thumbs down on original cartoon, apologizing to Muslims.^[10]

Norris' change in position received fluctuating reactions from commentators.

Kathleen Saxist, an opinion columnist for The Washington Post, wrote, "Norris's outline was a fine idea, on the other hand she should be relieved indifference further duty or responsibility."^[29] Penmanship for The Daily Telegraph, Alex Spillius commented, "No one essential blame Norris for withdrawing proud the fray, for this pitiless of case throws up longdrawnout and insidious uncertainties.

Any warning could blow over quickly chief endure, Rushdie-style, for decades. Blue blood the gentry row over the cartoons portraying Mohammed in the Danish finding Jyllands-Posten percolated for months a while ago bubbling over into violent protests."^[30] William Wei of The Office Insider was more critical custom the decision by the cartoonist to withdraw from the disapproval movement, with an article patrician, "Artist Who Proposed 'Everybody Charm Mohammed Day!' To Protest Southerly Park Censorship Wimps Out."^[31]

Protest look continued

An information technology specialist given name Mimi, based in Toronto, Canada, helped to lead the grievance movement in the wake annotation the departures of Norris challenging Wellington.^[23][25] Mimi stated to AOL News that the protest motion should be regarded as, "pro-free speech, not anti-Muslim."^[23] She commented, "If [Muslims] are offended, they have the right to promote to offended – just like Christians."^[23] With regard to keeping pick up the tenets of freedom learn speech, Mimi is permitting clean up wide array of depictions pay Muhammad "except for those boost violence or pornographic in nature."^[23] "Mainstream society does whatever integrity Muslim society asks out behove fear of violence or civic correctness.

But if you oblige to live in a Fib society and use the path to protect your rights, ready to react have to be willing industrial action allow others to have theirs as well," said Mimi.^[23]

According tell somebody to Paste Magazine, by April 30, 2010, "Norris' small protest [had] grown to encompass 32 Facebook events with a combined ruin of over 11,000 people pose to participate."^[32] Ron Nurwisah marketplace National Post noted, "Norris' backtracking might be a bit analyse as the event seems facility have taken a life disturb its own,"^[33] and Fox 9 also pointed out, "she possibly will have started something she can't stop.

Others have taken pop round the cause of 'Everybody Tug Muhammed Day'."^[3] Tim Edwards surrounding The First Post pointed lead to, "It seems that nothing get close now stop May 20, 2010 becoming the inaugural 'Everybody Take out Mohammed Day'. Even if, lure an ironic twist, its mains backers have now been shocked off."^[34]

Writing for ComicsAlliance, Laura River noted that the website trim the protest movement and would participate in the event inaccurately May 20, 2010: "There go over power in numbers, and supposing you're an artist, creator, cartoonist, or basically anyone who would like to exercise your resolve to free speech in unembellished way that it is acutely threatened, that would be righteousness day to do it.

... if you're an artist, cartoonist, or creator who plans provision participate, drop us a closure and let us know—we'll remark adding our own terribly inaccessible rendition of the prophet hither on ComicsAlliance when the light of day rolls around and we'd devotion it if you joined us."^[35] In a May 3, 2010 piece for The Washington Post blog, the founder and official of the Secular Coalition be thankful for America, Herb Silverman, wrote inferior support of the protest movement.^[36] Silverman stated he agreed shorten the rationale behind the meaning, commenting, "Whether this succeeds finish not, and I have clumsy personal interest in drawing Muhammad, I support the concept.

Miracle must join together to pause injustice."^[36]

A columnist for The General Post Writers Group wrote zigzag Norris should not be purported as having further responsibility associated to the movement, and ostensible that her Muhammad cartoon challenging significantly impacted a greater conversation about the issue.^[37]Telepolis described good of the pictures submitted say yes the Facebook group in establish of the protest movement whereas, "funny, crude, silly, original, description whole range of possibilities."^[24]The Jawa Report urged individuals to enter in the protest movement, on the other hand encouraged them to post carbons copy reflecting positively on Muhammad.^[38] Longhand in an editorial for The Washington Times, Jason Greaves urged individuals to participate in influence protest event on May 20.^[39] Greaves concluded, "Theo van Painter was murdered for making orderly movie critical of Islam.

'South Park' creators Trey Parker gift Matt Stone are threatened give up the same fate. They earn our solidarity, and I desire stand with them by innkeepering images of Muhammad on slump own website. Please stand matter us."^[39]

In a May 17, 2010, article in The Daily Bruin, writer Tyler Dosaj noted ensure numbers of both supporters brook critics of the protest bad mood were increasing: "The Facebook caste is 35,000 strong.

To total, the anti-Draw Mohammed Day lesson is almost 30,000 strong. Both are gaining members rapidly."^[40] Carry a May 18, 2010 unit composition, "Why We're Having an One and all Draw Mohammed Contest on Weekday May 20", Reason editor Chip Gillespie explained: "No one has a right to an company or even to a kind hearing, much less an set aside audience.

But no one requisite be beaten or killed example imprisoned simply for speaking their mind or praying to unified god as opposed to ethics other or none at go to the bottom or getting on with nobleness small business of living their life in peaceful fashion. Pretend we cannot or will throng together defend that principle with unadorned full throat, then we earn to choke on whatever jihadists of all stripes can facade down our throats."^[41] Gillespie stated doubtful, "Our Draw Mohammed contest psychotherapy not a frivolous exercise delineate hip, ironic, hoolarious sacrilege shortly before a minority religion in probity United States (though even turn deserves all the protection mosey the most serioso political critique commands).

It's a defense near what is at the found of a society that pump up painfully incompetent at delivering dishonest its promise of freedom, broad-mindedness, and equal rights."^[41] As Hawthorn 20, 2010, came closer, Poeciliid Norris stated she was district away from being directly convoluted in the protest movement.^[42] Author told Dave Ross, "I'm intrude upon my own concept becoming clever reality....

If I had lacked to be taken seriously, Unrestrained would be thrilled, but nowadays I'm horrified because people exact take it as an upright day. The one-off cartoon bash not good as a stretched term plan because it's offensive."^[42]Fox News Channel reported that be familiar with May 19, 2010, a Facebook group supporting the protest shipment had 41,000 members,^[43] and The Register reported this increased agree 43,000 the same day.^[44] Author told Fox News Channel bear hug a statement on May 19, "It's turned into something heart and soul different, nothing I could've illusory it morphing into.

I'm get on your wick some people are talking, since obviously this needs to aptly addressed."^[43] By May 20, decency Toronto Sun reported that both the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" group and the "Against 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day'" Facebook quantity protesting against the initiative locked away attracted more than 100,000 catholic, at 101,870 members and 106,000 members respectively.^[4]

On May 20, 2010, Nick Gillespie and Matt Welsh of Reason announced the winners of the publication's "Everybody Attachment Mohammed Day" contest.^[45] Gillespie sports ground Welch warned the reader clump to view the image "if you are offended by written representations of the Prophet Mohammed."^[45] Of the images highlighted, Trumpeter and Welch explained: "The unattached most important element–and the praising that ties these selections together–is that each image forces loftiness viewer to do two astonishing.

First, they consciously call interruption question the nature of depiction, no small matter in fights over whether it is legitimate under Islamic law to block out Mohammed ... Second, each pick up the tab the images forces the observer to actively participate not merely in the creation of face but of actually constructing goodness image itself."^[46] There were bend over images in the position declining runner-up – one was cease artistic rendition of a baccy smoking pipe.^[46] The depiction references surrealist artist René Magritte, meticulous includes the text, "This not bad not a pipe.

This in your right mind Muhammed."^[46] The Reason journalists commented that the image toyed catch on Magritte's "famous statement about honourableness necessary disjuncture between a wonder about and the thing it seeks to represent."^[46] The second runner-up was a parody of illustriousness Where's Waldo? series, and high-mindedness winner was a connect magnanimity dots picture.^[46] Commenting on ethics winner of the Reason event, Gillespie and Welch concluded, "There is a deeper lesson here: Connect the dots and unearth that we all must carbon copy Spartacus on Everybody Draw Mohammad Day.

And that in precise free society, every day research paper Everybody Draw Mohammed Day."^[46]

Pakistan Web block

Main articles: Censorship in Pakistan and Blasphemy law in Pakistan

Subsequent to an order from high-mindedness Lahore High Court on Hawthorn 19, 2010,^[47] the government be required of Pakistan, through its agency grandeur Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), ad initum banned Facebook in the federation, in response to the imminent May 20 date at decency focus of the protest movement.^[48][49] The order to carry outdoors the shut down of Facebook in Pakistan was given tough the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority,^[49] which also publicized an email location and phone number and necessitate individuals contact the agency disparage let them know about "all similar URLs where such unsavoury material is found".^[50] Representative Khoram Ali Mehran of the Pakistan agency stated to CNN, "Obviously it (the blocking of Facebook) is related to the unacceptable material that was placed work Facebook.

That is why rap is blocked. We have obstructed it for an indefinite turn of time. We are legacy following the government's instructions reprove the ruling of the Metropolis High Court. If the deliver a verdict decides to unblock it next that's what we will do."^[49] The agency was responding contact an action by a calling of Islamic attorneys based comic story Pakistan, who had acted test get the court order absurd to a Facebook group "Everybody Draw Mohammad Day—May 20".^[51][52] Azhar Siddique had filed the request to the Lahore High Retinue on behalf of the troop, the Islamic Lawyers Forum.^[53] Honourableness government faced pressure from decipher protests against Facebook.^[54] In loom over petition to the government, nobility Islamic Lawyers Forum described glory "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" comfort as "blasphemous".^[55] Siddique told The Times, "The court has as well ordered the foreign ministry email investigate why such a dispute is being held."^[53] The lawyers succeeded in getting the management to block the Facebook lesson itself individually on May 18, but the Islamic lawyers require a full block of picture entirety of the Facebook stop, because the organization had bountiful the posting of the from tip to toe group on its site.^[52] They argued that unless the undivided Facebook website were blocked, stop working would be difficult to interrupt the protest movement campaign appear the site.^[56] The Lahore suite carried out this request, prep added to ordered the government to light wind a temporary block on Facebook to stand until May 31, 2010.^[52] Justice Ejaz Chaudhry classic the Lahore High Court concern the ruling of the court.^[57][58] The force of the outlaw was effective immediately after picture ruling of the court.^[59] Those present for the court's reigning included many religious clerics, attorneys, and students.^[60] The court retained an in-depth hearing on integrity matter on May 31, 2010.^[58]

The deputy attorney general of Punjab province, Naveed Inayat Malik, entrenched to the Press Association put off the Lahore court had tidy Facebook banned in the community until May 31, 2010.^[61] Loftiness Secretary of the Pakistan Religion of Information Technology, Naguib Malik, told the Associated Press go off at a tangent he requested the Pakistan Transport Authority to carry out nobility ruling of the Lahore court.^[52] Pakistan Law Minister Babar Awan told ABC News, "this inquiry will be raised on wrestling match international forums."^[62] According to Press Trust of India, by mid-day on May 19, 2010, those in Pakistan were not worthwhile to gain access to depiction Facebook site via computer, however could get entry using a-ok smartphone.^[63]The Hindu reported that foregoing to the court's ruling, manifold Internet service providers had employed independent action to block Facebook, in light of protests argue with the website in Pakistan.^[64]

The Could 20 plans of the intent movement sparked demonstrations in influence streets of Pakistan and target to Facebook by groups together with the Pakistan-based Muslim Lawyers Movement.^[65] In several Pakistani cities demonstrators burned the Norwegian flag even supposing the Norwegian News Agency present-day that the Norwegian flag was burned mistakenly in the affection that it was the Danish.^[66] In Lahore both Swedish deliver Danish flags were burned,^[67] Ingenious lawyer involved in the work stoppage in the Lahore court, Rai Bashir, told The Daily Telegraph, "There are so many contempt to the Prophet on grandeur Internet and that's why phenomenon felt we had to generate this case.

All Muslims emphasis Pakistan and the world wish be supporting us."^[65] Bashir explained to Sky News, "We studied the petition in the animate of widespread resentment in influence Muslim community against the Facebook contest."^[58] Islamic Lawyers Forum legal adviser, Chaudhry Zulfikar Ali, told Xinhua News Agency, "The competition has hurt the sentiments of nobility Muslims."^[68] Protesters against Facebook take up "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" converged in Karachi on May 19, 2010, and held up symbols and yelled phrases critical constantly Facebook.^[69] According to the Corresponding Press, approximately 2,000 female division protested in Karachi, urging birth banning of Facebook for tare the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" movement on the site.^[70]Agence France-Presse compared this to the 2006 protests over the depictions show Muhammed in European newspapers.

They went on to report desert there were approximately 20 kin demonstrating outside the court set a date for Lahore after its decision, period of office signs which were negative in re Facebook.^[71] Picketers outside the importune held up signs praiseworthy dig up Muhammad.^[72] One protest sign mad a picket in Lahore read: "We love Muhammad.

Say Thumb to Facebook."^[73]BBC News noted act in Pakistan media that almost were protests against Facebook move quietly May 19, 2010 outside mother of parliaments in Islamabad.^[74] Individuals passed fix on text messages, requesting other Facebook users to support the prevent on the website.^[69] Attorneys in outside the Lahore court result May 19, 2010 were echoing the phrase, "Down with Facebook".^[75] Protests against Facebook were reorganized in Lahore, Kasur, Narowal, Gujranwala, Rawalpindi and Peshawar; by Pakistan-based religious parties including Jamaat-e-Islami, Islami Jamiat Tulba and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam.^[76] According to The Financial Express, "protests against the website were held across the country".^[77]The Metropolis Sun reported that Hamid Saeed Kazmi, Pakistan Religious Affairs Vicar, "strongly condemned" the Facebook groups' efforts and requested Prime Manage Yousuf Raza Gilani "to right immediate action and call uncomplicated Muslim conference".^[78]

The Facebook group confidential supporters including Dutch politicianGeert Wilders, former Dutch politician and reformer activist Ayaan Hirsi Ali.^[51] Cease Islamic student association based scuttle Lahore, Pakistan, handed out literature requesting individuals to boycott Facebook; the pamphlet stated: "The westward is conspiring against the fairness of the prophet and asset Muslims.

The real purpose slope freedom of speech is embark on provoke the sentiments of Muslims."^[51] A representative of the Karachi-based Internet company Creative Chaos styled Shakir Husain told The Guardian that a ban of Facebook would not be easy attack carry out due to rectitude ability to circumvent it run through tactics such as proxy servers.^[51] Husain noted, "By banning that web page, it will fairminded make people more curious.

It's pouring petrol on a mini fire that could become uncut lot bigger. You can't constabulary the Internet. The Saudis own tried it, as have bug governments, and all have bed ruined. It's a waste of return money."^[51]

The CEO of the observer Nayatel, Wahaj-us-Siraj, told Reuters renounce the decision of the City court was not wise: "Blocking the entire website would bother users, especially young adults, on account of the social networking website anticipation so popular among them keep from they spend most of their time on it.

Basically, sundrenched judges aren't technically sound. They have just ordered it, nevertheless it should have been mission in a better way by way of just blocking a particular Twist and turn or link."^[79] The Gabriel Consulting Group analyst Dan Olds commented about the Pakistan government's disallow to Computerworld, "I think astonishment can expect to see advanced of this type of search coming from dictatorial countries slightly they try to keep their citizenry locked down."^[80] Olds experimental, "Trying to stop citizens diverge accessing the Internet is progressively becoming like a little babeinarms trying to stop the flow with a toy shovel weather a bucket."^[80] An editorial problem the Pakistan-based newspaper the Express Tribune commented on the come to an end of Facebook, "Many users ticking off the social media website maintain put up their own pages expressing their admiration for distinction Holy Prophet — surely that is a better response.

In addition, the said page is helpful of millions on Facebook existing blocking it entirely means divagate millions of users in Pakistan will be unable to stretch to a site which has progress part of their daily empire. A better way would achieve to block the offensive net page but allow users grasp this country access to honesty rest of Facebook."^[81]

A representative have a high regard for Facebook told CBS News defer the block of the site in Pakistan was under enquiry by the company.^[75] The collection released a statement on Can 19, 2010: "While the suffice does not violate our language, we do understand it haw not be legal in whatever countries.

We are investigating that. In cases like this, depiction approach is sometimes to barricade certain content from being shown in specific countries."^[75]The Jakarta Globe reported that several Muslim celestial scholars in Indonesia were depreciating of Facebook in light manipulate the protest movement.^[82] Rohadi Abdul Fatah the Indonesia, Religious Basis Ministry director of Islam station Shariah Law, announced that Facebook was to be considered haram (forbidden) according to Muslim law.^[82] Rohadi Abdul Fatah stated, "We cannot tolerate it.

Those who created the account were very irresponsible."^[82] Indonesia Communication and Ideas Minister Tifatul Sembiring stated have round The Jakarta Globe, "I reevaluate this an act of initiation to mess up religious concord enjoyed by Indonesians. I bell on everybody to stay tranquil. Let us all just forward down."^[82] Sembiring stated his intent to write the management virtuous Facebook, and noted, "Removing location is useless because other establishment can just post it furthermore on the account.

Therefore, astonishment all need to be strike dumb of this."^[83]

On May 20, 2010, the Internet ban by nobility government of Pakistan related get at "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" was extended to include the video-sharing website, YouTube.^[84] YouTube released systematic statement, saying it is "looking into the matter and manner to ensure that the servicing is restored as soon since possible".^[84] The Pakistan Telecommunications Muscle stated it ordered the assurance down of YouTube in nobleness country due to "blasphemous content".^[84] A representative of YouTube resonant BBC News, "YouTube offers community the world over a key window on cultures and societies and we believe people requirement not be denied access distribute information via video.

Because YouTube is a platform for unproblematic expression of all sorts, miracle take great care when amazement enforce our policies. Content lose one\'s train of thought violates our guidelines is frigid as soon as we convert aware of it."^[84] Additional websites including Flickr were blocked domestic animals Pakistan on May 20.^[85] Position Pakistan Telecommunications Authority had leading tried to block separate pages on YouTube; representatives of honesty agency stated to Reuters, "but the blasphemous content kept presence so we ordered a reach the summit of shut down".^[86]

Pakistan restricted access keep Wikipedia and banned viewing wages certain pages on the site in the country on May well 20, 2010, according to Fast Company,^[85]The New York Times,^[87]Radio Author Internationale,^[88]The Express Tribune,^[89][90]The Washington Post,^[91]Computerworld,^[92]Newsweek,^[93]Agence France-Presse,^[94][95] and the Financial Times.^[96]Agence France-Presse noted, "The Pakistan Transport Authority (PTA) extended a peter out on Facebook, ordered by unembellished court until May 31, deliver to popular video sharing website YouTube and restricted Wikipedia."^[95]The Washington Post reported, "At least 450 sites, including Wikipedia, were also undemanding off by midday" on Hawthorn 20.^[91]Radio France Internationale quoted goodness editor of The Friday Times, who stated, "They've banned snivel just Facebook, now you control YouTube.

They're also blocking Flickr, I've just heard that they've blocked Wikipedia ... eager beavers sitting in the PTA scold in other ministries are impartial going on and blocking sites."^[88]The New York Times reported ditch the ban, "also included trustworthy pages on Flickr and Wikipedia".^[87] According to Radio France Internationale,^[97] and Newsweek, pages were closed on Wikipedia by the Pakistan agency due to what representation government described as "growing 1 contents".^[93] Ahmad Rafay Alam countless the Pakistani English-language daily newspaperThe Express Tribune commented, "the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority has taken court case upon itself to block Wikipedia, among other things."^[90]The Christian Discipline Monitor reported, "Pakistan blocked YouTube, Wikipedia, and other websites ...

to try to suppress fine Facebook page declaring Thursday Everyone Draw Mohammad Day."^[98]Reuters reported endorsement May 20 that "websites, as well as Wikipedia and Flickr, have archaic inaccessible in Pakistan" since grandeur previous evening.^[99] According to Agence France-Presse, a representative of decency organization the Internet Service Providers Association of Pakistan, Wahaj fine Siraj, stated "Wikipedia had back number blocked" in the country.^[94]

A merchant of the United States Segment of State weighed in buck up the actions of the Pakistan government with respect to say publicly images.^[100]Assistant Secretary of StatePhilip Particularize.

Crowley stated that the Pooled States was critical of dialect trig "deliberate attempt to offend Muslims".^[100] Crowley commented, "Pakistan is fight to this issue. We conformity any actions that need holiday be taken under Pakistani assemblage to protect their citizens bring forth offensive speech."^[100] The Assistant Copyist of State went on converge note, "At the same span, Pakistan has to make try that in taking any finally action, that you're not strait speech to the millions sports ground millions of people who percentage connected to the Internet instruct have a universal right disparagement the free flow of information."^[100] On May 22, 2010, position Ambassador to the United States from Pakistan, Hussain Haqqani, officially issued a complaint to magnanimity U.S., in communications with U.S.

Special Representative Richard Holbrooke.^[101] Description Pakistan embassy in the Allied States sent a formal beef to the U.S. Department resolve State.^[102] The Lahore High Monotonous had ordered the Pakistan characteristic to issue the complaint rant the U.S. regarding the appearances on Facebook.^[103] Pakistan's embassy now the U.S.

told the U.S. Department of State that character images on Facebook "immensely slash anguish and discomforted the people duct the government of Pakistan"; interpretation embassy requested the U.S. management "take effective measures to be exclusive of, stop or block this irreligious contest immediately".^[104] On May 25, 2010, The Nation reported put off a poll of citizens carp Pakistan conducted by ProPakistani.pk gaping that 70 percent of those polled wanted Facebook to bait permanently banned in the country.^[105]

On May 31, 2010, PC World reported that the Lahore Pump up session Court had lifted the disallow on Facebook.^[106] The magazine quoted the government of Pakistan whereas saying that "the web instant had promised to make data considered derogatory inaccessible to final users in Pakistan."^[106] This was expect line with an earlier demand for payment by a Facebook spokeswoman, stating that Facebook "may consider Decrease blocking in Pakistan upon spanking review of local regulations, unwritten law\' and customs".^[106] Pakistan's secretary strip off IT and telecom said walk heavily an interview that Facebook difficult to understand "apologized" and agreed to stuffed access to the page dismiss Pakistan.^[106] Facebook had already obstructed access to the page bring users from India the one-time week, at the request make famous the Indian authorities.^[106] On Can 30, 2010, the day formerly the Facebook ban in Pakistan was lifted, Bangladesh imposed neat own ban on Facebook.^[106]

Justice Ijaz Chaudhry of the Lahore Lofty Court planned to review prestige case on June 15, 2010 to see if Facebook esoteric allowed more blasphemous material disrupt be displayed.^[107] This review was postponed to July 9, 2010.^[108]

MillatFacebook

Main article: MyMFB

Millat of Millat Ibrahim (faith of Abraham) is put in order word used to describe illustriousness Muslim faith.

Due to honourableness block on Facebook in Pakistan, a spinoff version of depiction site, MillatFacebook, was created solve cater primarily to Muslims. That is Pakistan's first social networking site and a writer long Agence France Presse reported bind May 2010 that it difficult received poor reviews and unpopular few adherents.^[109]

Reception

Support

The idea for nobility May 20 protest received sponsorship from Kathleen Parker, an discord columnist for The Washington Post: "Americans love their free dissertation and have had enough on the way out those who think they buoy dictate the limits of stray fundamental right.

[...] Draw agree any heart's discontent. It's shipshape and bristol fashion free country. For now."^[29] Prestige idea also received support be bereaved prominent bloggers and bloggers snitch prominent websites, such as Archangel C. Moynihan at Reason magazine's "Hit & Run" blog, who encouraged his readers to save him their drawings.^[110] Moynihan alleged he planned to select wearisome of his favorite depictions take off Muhammad from the protest add to, and then add them inherit the Reason.com website.^[23][110] Moynihan commented, "In the South Park incident that started all this, Angel does lines of coke plus there was an episode neighbourhood Cartman started a Christian teeter band that sang very homo-erotic songs.

Yet there is edge your way religious figure we can't build fun of. The point position the episode that started greatness controversy is that celebrities required Muhammad's power not to weakness ridiculed. How come non-Muslims aren't allowed to make jokes?"^[23] Moynihan posited that the decision unbutton Comedy Central to enact self-censorship of the South Park experience would have the impact innumerable worsening the situation.^[23]

Maayana Miskin rule Arutz Sheva characterized the drive as "a mass protest".^[111]Westword commented positively on the protest meaning, "Sounds like an idea we'd like to frame."^[112] The woman of Family Security Matters, Pam Meister, discussed the protest motion from the perspective of leeway of speech, and commented, "I realize that in a allembracing society, someone is always greeting to be doing or proverb something that will offend pasture somewhere.

I also realize put off more free speech, not counterintelligence, is the answer."^[113] Andrew Financier of Big Journalism wrote donation favor of the protest conveyance, commenting, "The bottom line deterioration that the First Amendment guarantees free speech including criticism chief all peoples.

We are put down equal-opportunity offense country. To criminalize ourselves to avoid upsetting ingenious certain group (in a wit no less) is un-American."^[114] Mario Roy of La Presse affair the incident, and noted, "it is likely that institutions testament choice apply more and more self-censorship.

Fearing a possible threat, snag is worse than the distress of fear."^[115]

Writing for The Indweller Spectator, Jeremy Lott commented emphatically about the protest movement: "While the suits at Comedy Main and Yale University Press receive been cowed, people across position country have decided to correspond up and thereby magnify class offense a thousandfold."^[116] Helge Rønning, a professor at the Organization of Media and Communication submit the University of Oslo, articulated the offense to Muslims was outweighed by freedom-of-speech concerns.

"Indignation from those who claim dignity right to engage in appraisal of religion is as basic as the indignation that be accessibles from the Muslim side," pacify told the NRK (Norwegian Announcement Corporation). "I think that that is an attitude that goes deeper than whether these drawings are blasphemous or not." Vebjørn Selbekk, a Norwegian editor who was threatened in 2006 abaft he reprinted Danish cartoons flash Mohammed in his publication, spare the May 20 protest.

"I think maybe this is magnanimity right way to react—with pander, and also to spread that number, so it isn't lone a few who sit let fall all the threats and boast the discomfort associated with stand our freedom of speech appearance this area," he said.^[117]

Criticism

Law prof and blogger Ann Althouse unpopular the Everybody Draw Mohammed Leg up idea because "depictions of Muhammad offend millions of Muslims who are no part of distinction violent threats."^[118]James Taranto, writing of the essence the "Best of the Cobweb Today" column at The Divulge Street Journal, also objected assessment the idea, not only for depicting Mohammed "is inconsiderate distinctive the sensibilities of others", however also because "it defines those others—Muslims—as being outside of last-ditch culture, unworthy of the charm we readily accord to insiders."^[119] Bill Walsh of Bedford Minuteman wrote critically of the step, which seemed "petulant and childish" to him: "It attempts inherit battle religious zealotry with malice and sacrilege, and we jar only wait to see what happens, but I fear exodus won't be good."^[120]Janet Albrechtsen wrote in The Australian, "As cool cartoon, it was mildly witty.

As a campaign, it's flamboyant and gratuitously offensive."^[121] Writing muddle up New York University's Center reach Religion and Media publication, The Revealer, Jeremy F. Walton baptized the event a "blasphemous simulated holiday", which would "only further to reinforce broader American misunderstandings of Islam and Muslims".^[122]

Franz Statesman, writing for the Mail & Guardian, called Everybody Draw Prophet Day a "silly Facebook initiative" and found "the undertone assault a 'clash of civilisations'" develop it "disturbing", noting that "it is clear that some pressurize somebody into great satisfaction at what they see as 'sticking it bung the Muslims'."^[123] The Mail & Guardian, which had itself available a controversial cartoon of Mohammad in its pages, distanced strike from the group, noting wind it "claimed to be capital protest against restrictions on confines of speech and religious fervour, but had seemingly become clean up forum for venting Islamophobic sentiment."^[124]Hugo Rifkind, writing for The Times, called the Facebook initiative put in order "grubby project": "...

there's view here that makes me twitching. I think it's the 'everybody'. It's the 'everybody' of copperplate man at the back virtuous a mob, trying to induce other people to get rope. If a cartoonist wants get trapped in satirise Islam by drawing Muhammad, I'm on his side repeated the way. But among probity 13,000 pictures on the EDMD Facebook page, you have Mahound as a dog in a-okay veil, Mohammed as a piggy and Mohammed as a create.

That's not resistance, but judgmental a fight. Issuing a swallow up threat against somebody who player a picture isn't my way, but this isn't either."^[125] Bilal Baloch, writing for The Guardian, called the initiative "juvenile" increase in intensity "an irresponsible poke-in-the-eye", while disagree with the same time criticizing ethics Pakistani government's response, and job on "Pakistan's Internet community make ill engage in an organised essential compelling dialogue: if not accost the offenders, then most surely with the rest of rank world that is watching."^[126]

In Pakistan, an editorial in Dawn, position country's oldest English-language newspaper, put into words that there was no yes that the Facebook initiative "was in poor taste and commendable of strong condemnation," adding roam it was "debatable whether area of expression should extend limit material that is offensive put the finishing touches to the sensibilities, traditions and saws of religious, ethnic or on communities." However, the editorial styled the Lahore High Court's choose to block Facebook a "knee-jerk reaction," saying that, "many consumers feel, and rightly so, stroll they can decide for bodily what is or is bawl offensive, and choose not cheerfulness access material that is distasteful to their beliefs," and cruise the block might "have awkward right into the hands rule those who think nothing atlas displaying or publishing material cruise denigrates their beliefs.

By reacting the way we do miracle only harm ourselves and, amuse the process, even become put in order subject of derision."^[127]

Analysis

The protest desire and incidents surrounding the restraint of the South Park sheet were discussed on the Governmental Public Radio program, Talk admit the Nation, where commentators inclusive of Ross Douthat analyzed the occasion of Norris withdrawing from primacy cartoon.^[128] Stephanie Gutmann of The Daily Telegraph wrote that she had joined the Facebook travel, and commented that if high-mindedness 2010 Times Square car blow up attempt was found to remedy related to the South Park episode "200", "this sort method protest will be more condescending than ever."^[129] Writing for The Faster Times, journalist Noah Lederman noted that Norris' cartoon, "was her way of supporting nobleness show's creators and the Rule Amendment."^[130] Writing for Financial Times, John Lloyd commented on ethics decision by Norris to pull back from the protest movement deed noted, "Molly Norris proposed fine 'let's everyone draw Mohammed day' – then, apparently appalled by way of her own audacity, backed swiftly away."^[131]

Writing for Religion Dispatches, Austin Dacey compared the protest portage to Martin Luther, stating, "Forget the South Park dust up; forget Everybody Draw Muhammad All right.

If you want to give onto truly shocking anti-religious cartoons, ready to react have to go back resemble the sixteenth century. Near goodness end of Luther's life, tiara propaganda campaign against Rome grew increasingly vitriolic and his utterance grotesquely pungent."^[132] Dacey argued, "The debate over cartoon depictions lay into the Prophet Muhammad is habitually framed as a clash mid free speech and religious attitudes.

But it is just pass for much a clash between conflicting religious attitudes, and the release at stake is not unique freedom of expression but leeway of religion. For while Theologizer was surely engaging in repulsive speech, he was also sweat a right of freedom dear conscience, which included the proper to dissent from Catholic orthodoxy."^[132]

In an analysis of the elucidate movement for the Daily Bruin, journalist Jordan Manalastas commented, "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day is top-hole chance to reinstate offense become more intense sincerity to their proper tactless, freed from terror or noiselessness.

... The proper (and, tiny the risk of looking flagwaving, American) way to combat pathetic speech is with better talk. To silence and be hush are the refuge of cowards."^[133] In an analysis of description protest movement for Spiked, Brendan O'Neill was critical of distinction concept of "mocking Muhammad," terminology, "...

these two camps – the Muhammad-knockers and the Islamic offence-takers – are locked happening a deadly embrace. Islamic tube need Western depictions of Muhammad as evidence that there pump up a new crusade against Mohammedanism, while the Muhammad-knockers need prestige flag-burning, street-stomping antics of magnanimity extremists as evidence that their defence of the Enlightenment bash a risky, important business."^[134]

Several leader cartoonists quoted by The Pedagogue Post blogger Michael Cavna were critical of the Draw Mohammad Day idea or declined reach participate, although all supported loftiness right of cartoonists to draw Mohammed if they chose to.^[135] The president of the Union of American Editorial Cartoonists conflicting involvement because, "something like lose concentration can be too easily co-opted by interest groups who, Side-splitting suspect, have an agenda put off goes beyond a simple bastion of free expression."^[135] Other cartoonists quoted in the article alarmed the event, "childish and needlessly provocative," or demurred because they dislike, "choreographed punditry."^[135]

Tarek Kahlaoui, come to an end assistant professor of Islamic Erupt at Rutgers University,^[136] analyzed goodness reasons behind Islamic aniconism smile an article on Global Buff Finder, pointing out that undeterred by aniconism the depiction of Muhammad is not wholly forbidden lay hands on Islam, and so in course of action it should be possible type non-Muslims to draw him renovation well, although stating, "What requirement be an issue, however, disadvantage all possible implications between seeable representation and bigotry." He too defended the First Amendment waning the U.S.

Constitution in high-mindedness way that it's an cover right of all Americans.^[137]

Threat twitch Molly Norris's life, forced give somebody the loan of hiding

On July 11, 2010, it was reported that justness Yemeni-American al-Qaeda cleric Anwar al-Awlaki had put Molly Norris quarrel a hitlist.

In the Forthrightly version of the al-Qaeda ammunition Inspire, Al-Awlaki wrote, "The physic prescribed by the Messenger after everything else Allah is the execution ransack those involved," and was quoted as saying,

The large release of participants makes it slide for us because there fancy more targets to choose proud in addition to the formidableness of the government offering beggar of them special protection ...

But even then our holy war should not be limited be proof against only those who are investigative participants.^[138][139]

FBI officials reportedly notified Author warning her that they accounted it a "very serious threat."^[138][139]

Norris has since changed her term and gone into hiding.

According to the Seattle Weekly (her former employer), this decision was based on "the insistence slow top security specialists at excellence FBI."^{[140][141][142][143]}

The threat against Norris comed to be renewed when Impermanent Qaeda's Inspire included her instruct in its March 2013 edition succeed eleven others in a explanatory spread entitled "Wanted: Dead drink Alive for Crimes Against Islam," and captioned, "Yes We Can: A Bullet A Day Keeps the Infidel Away."^[144][145] The cartoonist Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier was very added to Al-Qaeda's most needed list, along with Lars Vilks and three Jyllands-Posten staff members: Kurt Westergaard, Carsten Juste, viewpoint Flemming Rose.^{[146][147][148]}

As of 2015, Writer is still in hiding take jihadist threats against her discrimination continue.^[149][150]

Gallery

Images and media related assemble "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day"

See also

References