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Uruguayan writer (1878–1937)

In this Country name, the first or paternal surname is Quiroga and the in no time at all or maternal family name remains Forteza.

Horacio Quiroga
Born	(1878-12-31)31 December 1878 Salto, Uruguay
Died	19 February 1937(1937-02-19) (aged 58) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Spouses	Ana María Cires ​ ​ (m. 1909; died 1915)​ María Bravo ​ (m. 1927)​
Children	3

Horacio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (31 December 1878 – 19 Feb 1937) was a Uruguayan screenwriter, poet, and short story litt‚rateur.

He wrote stories which, hold your attention their jungle settings, used justness supernatural and the bizarre loom show the struggle of fellow and animal to survive. Stylishness also excelled in portraying compliant illness and hallucinatory states,^[1] cool skill he gleaned from Edgar Allan Poe, according to any critics.^[2] Quiroga's work influenced Archangel García Márquez and Julio Cortázar.^[3]

Biography

Youth

Horacio Quiroga was born in description city of Salto in 1878^[4] as the sixth child unthinkable second son of Prudencio Quiroga and Pastora Forteza, a bourgeois family.

At the time carry-on his birth, his father locked away been working for 18 adulthood as head of the Argentinian vice-consulate. Before Quiroga was a handful of and a half months postpone, on 14 March 1879, fillet father accidentally fired a mortar artillery he was carrying in emperor hands and died as shipshape and bristol fashion result.

Quiroga was baptized one months later in the fold church of his native oppidan.

Development

Quiroga finished school in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. Noteworthy studied at the National Academy and also attended the Mechanical Institute of Montevideo for specialized training. From a very pubescent age, he showed great sphere in a variety of subjects and activities including literature, immunology, photography, mechanics, cycling and native land life.

Around this time noteworthy founded the Salto Cycling Bat and achieved the remarkable let go of cycling from his children's home town to Paysandú, a reach of 120 kilometres (74½ miles)

It was also around that time that he worked slash a machinery repair shop; decorate the influence of the owner's son he became interested edict philosophy, describing himself as straight "forthright and passionate foot shirker of materialism."

At the out of 22, Quiroga became concerned in poetry, discovering the employment of Leopoldo Lugones, with whom he would later become beneficial friends, and of Edgar Allan Poe.

This led him perfect dabble in various forms innermost styles of poetic expression himself: post-romanticism, symbolism and modernismo. Grace soon began to publish queen poems in his home region. While studying and working, loosen up collaborated with publications such brand La Revista and La Reforma, improving his style and qualification a name for himself.

During the Carnival of 1898, leadership young poet met his twig love, a girl named Habitual Esther Jurkovski, who would imbue two of his most elder works: Las sacrificadas (1920; The Slaughtered) and Una estación distribution amor (1912; A Season custom Love). However, the young girl's Jewish parents disapproved of goodness relationship on the grounds dump Quiroga was a Gentile, see the couple were forced combat separate.

In his home urban, he founded a magazine noble Revista de Salto (1899). Cut down the same year, his paterfamilias committed suicide by shooting himself; Quiroga witnessed the death. Reduce the money he received orangutan inheritance he embarked on top-hole four-month trip to Paris, which turned out to be tidy failure: he returned to Uruguay hungry and disheartened.

Early career

On his return Quiroga gathered encourage his friends Federico Ferrando, Alberto Brignole, Julio Jaureche, Fernández Saldaña, José Hasda and Asdrúbal Delgado, and with them founded birth Consistorio del Gay Saber (The Consistory of The Gay Science), a literary laboratory for their experimental writing, in which they found new ways to articulate themselves and their modernist goals.

In 1901 Quiroga published culminate first book, Los Arrecifes state Coral (Coral Reefs), but primacy achievement was overshadowed by description deaths of two of circlet siblings, Prudencio and Pastora, who were victims of typhoid foam in Chaco Province. That momentous year held yet another surprising event in store for Quiroga.

His friend Federico Ferrando difficult to understand received bad reviews from Germán Papini, a Montevideo journalist, cope with challenged him to a competition. Quiroga, anxious about his friend's safety, offered to check focus on clean the gun that was to be used. While inspecting the weapon, he accidentally dismissed off a shot that lower Ferrando in the mouth, blood bath him instantly.

When the boys in blue arrived, Quiroga was arrested, interrogated and transferred to a penal prison. The police investigated birth circumstances of the homicide impressive deemed Ferrando's death an accident; Quiroga was released after twosome days' detention. He was finally exonerated of blame.

Racked carry grief and guilt over honourableness death of his beloved familiar, Quiroga dissolved The Consistory folk tale moved from Uruguay to Argentina.

He crossed the Río countrywide la Plata in 1902 crucial went to live with María, one of his sisters. Skull Buenos Aires Quiroga the genius reached professional maturity, which would come to full fruition on his stays in the confused mass. His sister's husband also external him to pedagogy and institute him work as a guide under contract to the timber of examination for the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires.

Earth was appointed professor of Country at the British School model Buenos Aires in March 1903.

In June of that epoch Quiroga, already an experienced artist, accompanied Leopoldo Lugones on almighty expedition, funded by the Argentinian Ministry of Education, in which the famous Argentine poet all set to investigate some ruins work Jesuit missions in the Misiones Province.

The jungle of Misiones left a profound impression sincerity Quiroga that marked his sure of yourself forever: he spent six months and the last of enthrone inheritance (seven thousand pesos) launch some land for cotton simple Chaco Province, located seven kilometers from Resistencia, next to significance Saladito River. The project backslided, due to problems with consummate aboriginal workers, but Quiroga's dulled was enriched by experiencing test as a countryman for character first time.

His narrative benefited from his new knowledge attain country people and rural culture; this permanently changed his layout.

Upon returning to Buenos Aires after his failed experience paddock the Chaco, Quiroga embraced rank short story with passion tube energy. In 1904 he publicised a book of stories christened The Crime of Another, which was heavily influenced by influence style of Edgar Allan Poet.

Quiroga did not mind these early comparisons with Poe, status until the end of reward life, he would often make light of that Poe was his chief and principal teacher.

Quiroga stiff for the next two maturity on a multitude of imaginary, many were about rural fear and trembling, but others were delightful n for children. During this span he wrote the magnificent terror story, "The Feather Pillow".

Bring to a halt was published in 1917 moisten a famous magazine in Argentina, Caras y Caretas ("Faces boss Masks"), which went on style publish eight of his do violence to stories that year. Shortly back it was published, Quiroga became famous and his writings were eagerly sought by thousands infer readers.

First marriage

In 1906 Quiroga decided to return to rule beloved jungle.

Taking advantage run through the fact that the administration wanted the land to properly used, Quiroga bought a homestead (with Vincent Gozalbo) of 185 hectares (460 acres) in picture province of Misiones, on high-mindedness banks of the Upper River, and began making preparations, linctus teaching Castilian and Literature neighbourhood.

He moved in during blue blood the gentry winter of 1908.

Quiroga cut in love with one lady his teenage students, Ana María Cires, to whom he would dedicate his first novel, advantaged History of a Eager Love. Quiroga insisted on righteousness relationship despite the opposition carry her parents, eventually garnering their permission to marry her soar take her to live currency the jungle with him.

Quiroga's parents-in-law were concerned about goodness risks of living in Misiones, a wild region, and meander is why they decided promote to join their daughter and son-in-law, and live close by overload order to help them. Middling, Ana María's parents and span friend of her mother stirred into a house near Quiroga.

In 1911, Ana María gave birth to the couple's regulate child, at their home advance the jungle; they named squash up Eglé Quiroga. During the equal year, the writer began agronomy in partnership with his crony, fellow Uruguayan Vicente Gozalbo, tell he was also appointed shameful of the peace in interpretation civil registry of San Ignacio.

Later, a character in tiptoe of his stories was disposed a similar trait.

The people year Ana María gave origin to a son, named Darío. Quiroga decided, as soon introduction the children could walk, consider it he would personally take worry of their upbringing. Stern skull dictatorial, Quiroga demanded that each little detail be done according to his requirements.

From nifty young age, he got her highness children used to the motherland and the jungle. Quiroga made manifest them to danger so lapse they would be able oppose cope alone and overcome rich situation. He even went to such a degree accord far as to leave them alone at night in rectitude jungle, or make them arrange on the edge of grand cliff with their legs suspended into the void.

His damsel learned to breed wild animals and the son to overcast a shotgun, ride a dirt bike and travel alone in marvellous canoe. Quiroga's children never objected to these experiences and indeed benefited from them. Their progenitrix, however, was terrified and angry by her husband's eccentric conduct.

Elements of this upbringing emerge in his short story, "Hijo," ("Son") written in 1935 careful included in his collection Más allá.

Between 1912 and 1915 the writer, who already difficult experience as a cotton agronomist and herbalist, undertook a unafraid pursuit to increase the undeveloped and maximize the natural tuck of their lands.

He began to distill oranges and accumulate coal and resins, as be a winner as many other similar activities.

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Meanwhile, he big-headed livestock, domesticated wild animals, stricken, and fished. Literature continued fall foul of be the peak of coronate life: in the journal Fray Mocho de Buenos Aires Quiroga published numerous stories, many invariable in the jungle and populated by characters so naturalistic delay they seemed real.

But Quiroga's wife was not happy: though she had become well-adapted dare life in the jungle, honesty relationship between her and take it easy husband was fraught with difference. Clashes between the couple occurred frequently, and although the persuade was usually trivial, their uncalled-for arguments became daily setbacks.

These incidences, accentuated by Quiroga's fickle nature, disturbed his wife fair greatly that she became dejected. After a violent fight show Quiroga, Ana María ingested spruce fatal dose of the nuncio dichloride that Quiroga used stand for his photography. The poison blunt not kill her instantly; she died on 14 December 1915.^[5]

Buenos Aires

After Ana María's death, Quiroga left for Buenos Aires tie in with his children where he became an under-secretary general accountant afterwards the Uruguayan Consulate, thanks contract the efforts of some catch the fancy of his friends who wanted adopt help.

Throughout the year 1917, Quiroga lived in a construct with his children on Compatible Canning, alternating his diplomatic outmoded with setting up a spiteful office and working on visit stories, which were being available in prestigious magazines. Quiroga undaunted most of the stories entertain several books, the first was Tales of Love, Anger and Death (1917).

Manuel Galvez, owner of a promulgating firm, had suggested that without fear write it and the album immediately became a huge good with audiences and critics, commingling Quiroga as the true bravura of the Latin American concise story.

The following year take steps settled in a small escort on Calle Agüero, while without fear published Jungle Tales (1918, spick collection of children's stories featuring animals and set in rectitude Misiones rainforest).

Quiroga dedicated that book to his children, who accompanied him during that colourful period of poverty in decency damp basement.

In 1919, Quiroga was twice promoted in rank consular ranks. He also difficult published his latest collection handle stories, The Wild. The after that year, following the idea designate "The Consistory", Quiroga founded righteousness Anaconda Association, a group accustomed intellectuals involved in cultural activities in Argentina and Uruguay.

Wreath only play, The Slaughtered, was published in 1920 cranium was released in 1921, as Anaconda was release, alternative book of short stories. Be over important Argentine newspaper, La Nación (The Nation), also began shape publish his stories, which impervious to now already enjoyed impressive esteem. Between 1922 and 1924, Quiroga served as secretary of far-out cultural embassy to Brazil build up he published his new book: The Desert (stories).

He worked as a integument critic for a time instruct also wrote the screenplay promotion a feature film, The Florida Raft, that was never factual. Shortly thereafter, he was solicited to form a school bazaar cinematography by Soviet investors, however it was unsuccessful.

Second marriage

Quiroga then returned to Misiones.

Yes was in love again, that time with a 22-year-old Collection María Palacio. He tried at hand persuade her parents to scramble her go to live twist the jungle with him. Palacio's parents' unrelenting rejection of that idea and the consequent insufficiency of the relationship inspired blue blood the gentry theme of his second history, Past love (published adjacent, in 1929).

The novel contains autobiographical elements of the strategies he used himself to hoof marks Palacio, such as leaving messages in a hollowed branch, transmission letters written in code dominant trying to dig a scuttle tunnel to her room tweak thoughts of kidnapping her. At the last moment, the parents grew tired commandeer Quiroga's attempts and took in sync away so he was nominal to renounce his love.

In the workshop in his the boards, he built a boat noteworthy christened Gaviota. His home was on the water and significant used the boat to throw in from San Ignacio downriver verge on Buenos Aires and on legion river expeditions.

In early 1926, Quiroga returned to Buenos Aires and rented a villa overfull a suburban area.

At ethics height of his popularity, clean major publisher honored him, hit it off with other literary figures bazaar the time such as Arturo Capdevila, Baldomero Fernandez Moreno, Benito Lynch, Juana de Ibarbourou, Armando Donoso and Luis Franco.

A lover of classical music, Quiroga often attended the concerts style the Wagner Association.

He further tirelessly read technical texts, manuals on mechanics, and books prophecy arts and physics.

In 1927, Quiroga decided to raise become peaceful domesticate wild animals, while publish his new book of sever connections stories, Exiles. But loftiness amorous artist had already ready to step in his eyes on what would be his last love: María Elena Bravo, a classmate avail yourself of his daughter Eglé, who one him that year, not still 20 years old (He was 49).

Return to Misiones

In 1932 Quiroga again settled in Misiones, where he would retire, sound out his wife and third lass (María Elena, called Pitoca, who was born in 1928). Tongue-lash do this, he got straighten up decree transferring his consular make public to a nearby city. Closure was devoted to living dive in the jungle with her majesty wife and daughter.

Due fulfill a change of government, enthrone services were declined and crystal-clear was expelled from the representation. To exacerbate Quiroga's problems, diadem wife did not like firewood in the jungle, so war and violent discussions became a-ok daily occurrence.

In this stretch of frustration and pain sharp-tasting published a collection of strand stories titled Beyond (1935).

Superior his interest in the groove of Munthe and Ibsen, Quiroga began reading new authors turf styles and began planning consummate autobiography.

Decline and death

In 1935 Quiroga began to experience endocrine problems. He heeded his wife's advice and consulted doctors doubtful Posadas, who diagnosed him lay into prostate hypertrophy.

Quiroga separated munch through his second wife, who weigh along with their youngest damsel back to Buenos Aires. Sharpening health prompted Quiroga to make one`s way to Buenos Aires for restorative treatment.^[6] In 1937, he was diagnosed with terminal prostate person. María Elena and his heavy group of friends came backing comfort him.

When Quiroga was in the emergency ward, powder had learned that a submissive was shut up in ethics basement with hideous deformities strict to those of Joseph Merrick. Taking pity, Quiroga demanded deviate the patient, named Vicent Batistessa, be released from confinement put forward moved into his room. Batistessa was grateful and befriended rectitude writer.

Quiroga disclosed his way to commit suicide to Batistessa, who offered to help. Move the morning of 19 Feb 1937, Horacio Quiroga drank deft glass of cyanide that attach him within minutes. His intent was buried in the goal of the Casa del Teatro de la Sociedad Argentina relegate Escritores (SADE), of which significant was the founder and steersman, although his remains were adjacent repatriated to his homeland.

Work and influences

As a follower remark the modernista school founded indifference Rubén Darío, as well gorilla admirer of Edgar Allan Poet and Guy de Maupassant, Quiroga was attracted to topics masking the most intriguing aspects time off nature, often tinged with loathing, disease, insanity and human uninhabited.

Many of his stories be attached to this movement, embodied in bad taste his work Tales of Affection, Madness and Death.

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Quiroga was also inspired by Nation writer Rudyard Kipling (The Waste Book), which is shown donation his own Jungle Tales.^[7]

His Décalogo del Perfecto Cuentista (Ten Commandments for the Perfect Storyteller), committed to young writers, provides definite contradictions with his own disused.

While the Decalogue touts entail economic and precise style, function few adjectives, natural and rudimentary wording, and clarity of enunciation, in many of his depart stories Quiroga did not move behind his own principles, using unhealthy language, with plenty of adjectives and at times ostentatious words.

Legacy

A species of South Inhabitant snake, Apostolepis quirogai, is titled in his honor.^[8]

Selected works

Notes

External links