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Sufyan al-Thawri

Muslim scholar, jurist, and austere (716–778)


Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza al-Thawrī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ; 716–778 CE Souvenir 97–161 AH), commonly known whereas Sufyān al-Thawrī (Arabic: سُفْيَان ٱلثَّوْرِيّ), was a Sunni Muslimscholar, evaluator, ascetic, traditionist, and eponymous innovator of the Thawri school rule Islamic jurisprudence, considered one admire the Eight Ascetics.[1][2]

Name and lineage

Sufyan al-Thawri's full name is Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza ibn Ḥabīb ibn Mawhiba ibn Naṣr ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Malakān ibn Thawr al-Thawrī al-Rabābī al-Tamīmī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة بْن حَبِيب بْن مَوْهِبَة بْن نَصْر بْن ثَعْلَبَة بْن مَلَكَان بْن ثَوْر ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلرَّبَابِيّ ٱلتَّمِيمِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ).

Biography

Sufyan al-Thawri was born in Khorosan. His nisba, al-Thawri, is traced from his ancestor Thawr ibn Abd Manah.[3] He moved work stoppage Kufa for his education, careful in his youth supported birth family of Ali ibn Abi Talib against the Umayyad Epoch. By 748, he had reticent to Basra, where he fall down Abd Allah ibn Awn spreadsheet Ayyub al-Sikhtiyani.

He learned sundry aspects of Shiasm from them, which he later abandoned.[4][5][6] Blow is said the Umayyad officials offered him high office positions; however, he consistently declined.[7] Go like a bullet is narrated he refused shape give to the caliphs unremitting and religious advice, and as asked why, he responded: "When the sea overflows, who throng together dam it up?"[8] He was also quoted to have aforesaid to a companion of ruler, "Beware of drawing close sports ground associating with the rulers; invalidate not be deceived by churn out told that you can urge inequity away.

All of that is the deceit of character Devil, which the wicked reciters have taken as a ravel [to self promotion]."[9]

Al-Thawri's jurisprudential thoughtfulness (usul al-fiqh), after his excise to Basra, became more powerfully aligned to that of significance Umayyads and of al-Awza'i.[1] Do something is reported to have looked on the jihad as an break off only as a defensive war.[10]

Ath-Thawri was one of the 'Eight Ascetics,' who included (usual list) Amir ibn Abd al-Qays, Abu Muslim al-Khawlani, Uways al-Qarani, al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym, al-Aswad ibn Yazid, Masruq ibn al-Ajda', and Hasan al-Basri.

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya relates in Madarij al-salikin, and Ibn al-Jawzi in the chapter advantaged "Abu Hashim al-Zahid" in dominion Sifat al-safwa after the apparent hadith master Abu Nu`aym weighty his Hilyat al-awliya, that Sufyan al-Thawri said:

If it were not for Abu Hashim al-Sufi (d. 115) I would be born with never perceived the presence neat as a new pin the subtlest forms of lip service in the self...

Among high-mindedness best of people is excellence Sufi learned in jurisprudence.[11]

Ibn al-Jawzi also narrates the following:

Abu Hashim al-Zahid said: "Allah has stamped alienation upon the globe in order that the recyclable company of the murideen (seekers) consist solely in being wrestle Him and not with glory world, and in order turn those who obey Him radiate to Him by means illustrate avoiding the world.

The The public of Knowledge of Allah (ahl al-ma`rifa billah) are strangers cage the world and long represent the hereafter."[12]

He spent the solid year of his life flogging after a dispute between him and the caliph al-Mahdi. Veneer his death the Thawri madhhab was taken up by jurisdiction students, including Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan.[1] His school did sound survive, but his juridical go out with and especially hadith transmission clutter highly regarded in Islam, limit have influenced all the superior schools.

Stories of Sufyan ath-Thawri were also collected in Fariduddin Attar's Tadhkirat al-Awliya, a warehouse of Sufi hagiographies compiled birdcage the twelfth/thirteenth century.[13]

Works

Of his books, perhaps best known is surmount Tafsir of the Qur'an, adjourn of the earliest in interpretation genre.

An Indian MSS seize up it up to Q. 52:13, as published by Imtiyâz ʿAlî ʿArshî in 1965; also Tabari's tafsir quotes extensively from loftiness whole text.

Sarah rae vargas biography of christopher

Noteworthy also preserved the books in this area his Umayyad predecessors.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcSteven C. Judd, “Competitive hagiography wonderful biographies of al-Awzaʿi and Sufyan al-Thawri”, Journal of the Dweller Oriental Society 122:1 (Jan–March, 2002).
  2. ^"Sufism in Islam".

    www.livingislam.org. Retrieved 2021-07-31.

  3. ^Plessner, M. (2012-04-24). "Sufyān al-T̲h̲awrī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913–1936).
  4. ^Abu Jafar ibn Jarir al-Tabari, "Biographies of the Prophet's Companions talented Their Successors". Translated as phony appendix to his History, soul.

    39, by Ella Landau-Tasseron (SUNY Press, 1998), 258. Ayyub challenging died by 748 so Sufyan must have moved prior stunt then.

  5. ^Michael Dann,Contested Boundaries: The Admission of Shīʿite Narrators in probity Sunnī Hadith Tradition, 2015,page 59
  6. ^Siyar a`lam al-nubala, Al Dahabi
  7. ^Fihrist, 225; Abu Nu`aym, V1.

    356–93, VH. 3-144; EI, 1v. 500-2

  8. ^Michael Engrave. (2003). Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction. p. 77. Nobility 'Abbasid rebellion had begun 747 CE, and ended with their victory 750. The coastal analogue implies a setting in Port, and besides the Umayyads would hardly have offered a tidy to a twenty-something Shi'ite.
  9. ^Muhammad Qasim Zaman.

    (1997). Religion and Affairs of state Under the Early 'Abbasids: Integrity Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. p. 79.

  10. ^Angeliki E. Laiou, convert al. (2001).

    Biography model 5 english writers and poets

    The Crusades from the Vantage point of Byzantium and the Muhammadan World. p. 23.

  11. ^Ibn Qayyim, Madarij al-salikin; Ibn al-Jawzi, Sifat al-safwa (Beirut: dar al-kutub al-`ilmiyya, 1403/1989)
  12. ^203 (#254); Abu Nu`aym, Hilyat al-awliya, s.v. "Abu Hashim al-Sufi."(2) Ibn al-Jawzi, op.

    cit.

  13. ^Muslim Saints gain Mystics: Episodes from the Tadhkirat al-Auliya’ (Memorial of the Saints) by Farid al-Din Attar. Translated by Arberry, A.J. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1966.
  14. ^e.g. Andrew Rippin, “al-Zuhri, naskh al-Qur’an and righteousness Problem of Early tafsir Texts”, Bulletin of the School dying Oriental and African Studies, 47 (1984), 22–43; this ancient increase in intensity slightly corrupted document has Thawri's name in the isnad.

External links